Aggression

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

Intentional behavior to cause physical or emotional pain

instrumental or hostile

Question 2

Inborn vs learned

Answer 2

Eros(to live), Thanatos(to die)
= sublimate

Learned: restrictive society teaches aggression and laws are the only prohibitor of violence/aggression.

Question 3

Evolutionary argument

Answer 3

• for gene spread and dominance
• protection,resources.
• highest aggression in reproductive years.

Question 4

Culture

Answer 4

Men honoring cultures that promote M to be hostile to restore peace.

Social conditions where events influence aggression levels.

Question 5

Neural chemical influences

Answer 5

Amygdala + testosterone increase aggression and serotonin decreases it.

Question 6

Gender

Answer 6

M

• Obtrusive
• Ambiguous situations provoke them.
• Arrested for violent crimes
• likely to show more hostile forms of violence to their partners (4x spouse murders)

W

• Covertly done
• verbal
• arrested for theft.

Question 7

Alcohol

Answer 7

More likely in Jock bars and student bars then at home or a classy bar.

Study by Zanna and Holmes
More likely to see the conflict as negative

=violence is set by alchohol

Question 8

Pain, discomfort, aggression

Answer 8

Physical discomfort like
-heat, humidity, air pollution, offensive odor

when participants were given black jerseys they chose more aggressive game and gave louder white noise.

Correlational study: NHL and NFL teams switched to black jerseyes = had the highest penalty records

Question 9

Situational Causes

a. Social Learning Theory

Answer 9

Bandura’s experiment shows how the kids in the bobo doll aggressive one had become beyond aggressive.

8 days after columbine shooting, ppl copied it all over the world.

Question 10

Situational Causes

b. social media

Answer 10

Watching, listening, and doing (video games) increase aggression (white noise after the wolfsteine and choosing more competitive game)

why?
the same action is seen as the best/rewarded,

= decreases empathy, helping, and numb the pain and suffering of others.
(shown to give longer and harsher shocks).

Violent porn
increased ppl’s bad treatment and rape myth.

Question 11

Situational Causes

c. poverty

Answer 11

only when the neighours are more affluent than they are- the inequity you feel.

Question 12

Situational Causes

d. social exclusion

Answer 12

Study
Twenge
Pars told to but 2 ppl you want to work with
G1 no one chose you-louder white noise to a stranger
G2 everyone chose you.

Question 13

Situational Causes

e. Aggressive stimulus

Answer 13

Leonard
G1 Gun
G2 badminton racket
G1 gave highest shocks to other pars
caveat: only when they are made angry/frustrated.

Question 14

Situational Causes

f. fraustration

Answer 14

a. when closest to a goal
Harris
Either cutting through 2nd or 12th in line, 2nd person had a higher aggression

b. when fraustration is expected

c. perceived injustice
when everyone gets it but i don’t.

But it doesn’t always cause aggression, but the size, strength, how well the other retaliates, and decreases with understandable factors.

Question 15

Situational Causes

g. Direct provocation and reciprocation

Answer 15

Baron
G1 hi criticism in a gentle manner
G2 Hi criticism in a rude manner.
G1 responded with harsh treatments

Question 16

Reducing Aggression

Mild punishment and catharsis

Answer 16

-Not providing a harsher example by punishing mildly.

-catharsis doesn’t work because Bushman’s study shows
-> G1 read effective article
G2 read ineffective article
G3 punching bag
G4 no punching bag
G1 and G3 gave the loudest and longest white noise to a confed and stranger.

Question 17

Reducing Aggression

Apology+Empathy

Answer 17

-A quick action to apologize to avoid frustration turning into anger.

-Empathy Baron
Found that someone on crutches 50% honked and someone without any reason of physical disfigurement received 90%