Prejudice Flashcards
Prejudice
(-), hostile attitude targeted to the membership of their groups
Based on 3 components Affective
Affective: either can be (+)/(-) but usually (-)
Based on 3 components Cognitive
Cognitive: stereotypes formed to all ppl and viewing them the same despite personal variations.
(a heuristic that helps to org the world to have certain ppl to be expectant to be such ways)
Based on 3 components Behavioural
Discrimination unjustified and (-) actions to one's membership
Happens due to the cognitive aspect of the attitudes by failing to view personal variations, but their presence triggers automatic generalization to how they will be like.
i.e Black + crime = diff treatments by police and the law (more executions)
Females ripped off for car service.
Landlords not accepting Gay/lesbian couples.
What causes Prejudice?
Social cognition- how we develop schemas and heuristics in new + ambiguous info about us vs. them.
-> learnt from society.
What causes Prejudice II
a. social identification theory: Us vs. THem
- >creation of groups and matching traits we’ve formed in mind can decide how to act around them.
Why
hi social identity: effort and engagement to benefit the group increase
& boost S.E esp when their team is successful.
b.in-group bias
:preferring the group we belong to even the grouping means nothing
->Study Tajfel
divided pars who favored either arts better.
G1 Klee
G2 Kandisky
+ asked rate these ‘group members’ strangers really, on 1-7
= not only they rated their members highly, but also did used a cut-throat way to disadvantage the opp group.
Other ex
-taking pics tgt, uses “we”
Out group Homogeneity
Perception that ll outgroup members re the same
study
Rutger and Princeton are rival schools and showed a video clip of a men picking a CD as his preference.
G1 Ingroup said it was his choice
G2 Outgroup said it was the whole school’s choice,
why?
-everyone’s the same because there aren’t other cues to reflect on.
Controlling Prejudice
a. Motivation
Motivation when can promote controlled thinking part to disregard it.
Cog override in both explict and implicit attitude levels.
Controlling Prejudice
b. The need to feel good about ourselves
Sinclair + Kunda’s Study
Either of B or W managers gave feed back
G1 positive
G2 Negative
when it was the Black manager, the (-) stereotype of B being incompetent
G1 Kept this stereotype out to further maintain the ingnited S.E and think their feedback came from a reputable source.
G2 Didn’t want to debase their S.E and back to status quo and activated the (-) feedback.
=selective steroetype for self enhancement needs.
this is the same for W professors.
Controlling Prejudice
c. Experiencing it first hand
Learning not to hate Jane Eliot
- decreases future discrimination
- shift norms by pairing Hi and lo prejudice children to decrease prejudice and to emphasize.
Controlling Prejudice
d. Self-affirmation theory
When they are proven to be great in someway, they avoid silly things
Controlling Prejudice
e. superordinate into humans
Study
Hire gay guys?
G1 Superordinate - 79%
G2 No recategorization- 50%
Controlling Prejudice
f. Contact hypothesis
Brining majority and minority tgt to settle (-) thoughts through these caveats
- mutual interdependence
- common goal
- equal status
- friendly settings
- multiple out-group members
- soc norms support equity
- jigsaw classroom: small mixed groups with shared responsibility info shared to cooperate
- extended contact hypothesis: knowing someone in a group knows an outgroup member and spreads tolerable and good norms.
The Effects of Prejudice
Within group bias
When the ingroup members absorb how they get treated by others on to themselves, causing them to think diff about themselves
i.e Clark and Clark when 3-7 year olds chose W dolls over B dolls that B dolls are ugly, but now, white doll pref is much reduced.
The Effects of Prejudice
Stereotype threat
The anxiety to possibly confirm a (-) stereotype hinders bad perf due to anxiety and end up fulfilling the self fufliing prophecy.
i.e W and parking, White men who do worse on PE test.
-> Study: B&W students take a difficult verbal task
G1 Asked about race
G2 no previous Q
G1 got anxious and hindered their perf, when G2 even outperformed White people.
*No need to believe in the stereotype to come true.
