Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

C Bio > PROs in the ER (12) > Flashcards

PROs in the ER (12) Flashcards

1
Q

location of ribosomes

A

free in cytoplasm

attached to the ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 movements of PROs?

A

remain in the cytoplasm

move to cellular compartments via the cytoplasm

enter the endomembrane sys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of PROs remain in the cytoplasm?

A

enzymes involved in glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

integral PRO

A

integrated in the membrane, on both sides of the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

steps of transport of PROs through the endomembrane sys

A
  1. Enter the ER (stay here or move with vesicles)
    PROs reside in the lumen (space b/w ER) or are embedded in the membrane
  2. Move via transport vesicles (budding & fusing “carriers” b/w other compartments)
  3. To Golgi (may be processed & then go off to diff directions)
  4. Trans-Golgi network, then to:
    Lysosomes, or
    Storage vesicles, or
    Secretory vesicles & PM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the possible locations of PROs after passing through the Golgi?

A

lysosomes

storage vesicles

secretory vesicles & PM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

structure of the ER

A

Network of membranous tubules in the cytoplasm of a cell; involved in the production of phospholipids

Encapsulates a space where PROs reside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

RER

A

studded with ribosomes, continuous with nuclear envelope

Roughness enables the adherence of ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SER

A

no ribosomes; site of synthesis of specialized enzymes, functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which ER is concentrated in specialized cells?

A

SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which ER is found in most cells?

A

RER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which ER is found in skeletal muscles?

A

SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which ER is found in kidney tubules?

A

SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which ER is found in endocrine glands?

A

SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which ER is involved in the synthesis of the gonad & adrenal cortex?

A

SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which ER is involved in the synthesis of the detoxification enzymes in the liver?

A

SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which ER is found in glucose release from the liver?

A

SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which ER is found in cells that release Ca2+ ions used in muscle contractions?

A

SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which ER is found in cells of lipid biosynthesis?

A

SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which ER is found in secretory vesicles?

A

RER & SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which ER is found in lysosomes?

22
Q

which ER is involved in synthesis of integral PROs?

23
Q

which ER is involved in membrane biosynthesis?

24
Q

which ER is responsible for glycosylation of PROs?

25
Every cell has plenty of _____ not every cell has an abundance of ______
RER SER
26
PRO Folding
PROs have a correct or “native” state; the tertiary structure of a PRO needs to be correct for it to work properly Can be misfolded or denatured
27
Molecular chaperones
PROs that bind to & alter the folding of newly forming PRO
28
Quality Control
PROs that misfold cannot bind to chaperones properly & are destroyed
29
what PRO is involved in assisting the bonding of disulfide bonds? & its location?
Disulfide isomerase in the lumen of the ER
30
What are the chemical modifications of PROs in the ER & Golgi?
disulfide bond formation & folding addition of chemical grps addition of lipids formation of multimeric PROs proteolytic cleavage glycosylation
31
What do glycoPROs include? & what is their role?
PROs destined for secretion the extracellular matrix endomembrane system PM enable identification
32
what level of PRO structure is effected with the addition of extra chemical groups in the ER & Golgi?
tertiary
33
what level of PRO structure is effected with the formation of multimeric PROs in the ER & Golgi?
quaternary
34
RER is the site of synthesis of PROs destined for:
secretion integral PROs & PROs within the lumen of the endomembrane sys ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vesicles & plant vacuoles
35
PROs that are made in the cytoplasm, not the RER:
Cytosolic PROs Peripheral PROS of the inner cell membrane PROs interacting with cell membrane, adhere to the inner lining of cell help giving the cell its cell structure PROs sent to the nucleus PROs destined for chloroplasts, mitochondria & peroxisomes
36
what occurs after the signal sequence is synthesized?
PRO synthesis temporarily stop until the signal sequence is detected by a PRO complex on the RER
37
How does a PRO enter the RER?
Translation occurs on the cytoplasmic ribosome/mRNA complex During translation, a signal sequence is synthesized & will poke outside of the ribosome The signal sequence is recognized by SRP which binds to the ribosome & signal sequence --> causes translation to stop until the ribosome is brought to the ER membrane SRP guides the complex to the membrane to reach the RER receptor Translocon binds to the ribosome causing a shift Signal peptide is released for SRP & binds to the interior of the translocon (Peptide release from SRP causes GTP --> GDP) Translation resumes Translated PRO is threaded through the RER lumen Signal sequence removed by signal peptidase enzyme & the signal sequence is recycled
38
Signal sequence
Directs PROs to the RER is a sequence of hydrophobic AA usually at the N terminal
39
when does translation resume when a PRO is entering the RER?
Signal peptide released from SRP along with GTP hydrolysis
40
Polyribosomes
multi ribosomes on one mRNA --> increases the rate of translation
41
what do PROs embedded in the RER lipid bilayer have that PROs destined for the lumen don't have?
single transmembrane domain
42
single transmembrane domain
a stretch of hydrophobic AAs that are embedded in the lipid bilayer
43
how do PROs become embedded in the RER lipid bilayer?
with a single transmembrane domain & the translocon can open up to allow lateral movement, allows hydrophobic sequences to move into a hydrophobic envr
44
What side of the membrane does an integral membrane's positive AAs point? & how?
cytosolic side positively charged AAs are aligned with negatively charged translocon
45
What determines orientation of an integral PRO?
timing of which end of the PRO enters the translocon first how the transmembrane sequences are orientated within the translocon
46
start transfer & stop transfer sequences
alternating hydrophobic regions on a double pass transmembrane PRO
47
hydrophobicity plot
scores each AA on how hydrophobic it is predicts the number of transmembrane domains a multipass transmembrane PRO can have
48
multipass transmembrane PRO
membrane PROs that pass through the membrane multiple times contain multiple start & stop signals
49
how are integral PROs classified?
number of transmembrane domains they have
50
what are the roles of transmembrane PROs?
communication b/w cells (direct contact or with integral PROs) communication b/w organelles & cytoplasm ion transport nutrient transport connections for cytoskeleton 25% of cells PRO

C Bio (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions