Intro to Cells (1)

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

a self-contained membrane-bound unit which carries out the functions of life

Question 2

what are 3 components of the cell?

Answer 2

organized
autonomous (independent) 
internally regulated

Question 3

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 3

reproduce themselves
acquire E from external envr & use of E 
perform chem rxns (metabolism) 
dynamic --> capable of movement 
respond to stimuli
relf-regulate

Question 4

What discovery did Hooke make?

Answer 4

described cells in cork

1665

Question 5

What discovery did Van Leeuwenhoek make?

Answer 5

1st to describe living cells

identified membrane-bound structures

Question 6

What are the 3 tenants of the cell theory?

Answer 6

1. all organisms composed of 1+ cells
2. cells are the structural units of life
3. cells can arise only by division for preexisting cells

Question 7

What did Schwann do?

Answer 7

first 2 tenets of the cell theory:

1. all organisms composed of 1+ cells
2. cells are the structural units of life

Question 8

What did Virchow do?

Answer 8

3 tenet of cell theory:

cells can arise only from preexisting cells

Question 9

What is the common plan of all cells?

Answer 9

Enclosed by a physical barrier –> cell membrane
DNA –> blueprint
DNA encodes machinery to acquire E from envr
E used to duplicate DNA & Machinery

Question 10

What are the similarities b/w eukaryotes & prokaryotes?

Answer 10

o Similar PMs
o Same genetic code
o Similar mechanisms for “decoding” genetic code (transcription & translation)
o Many of the same metabolic pathways
Ex: glycolysis
o Similar use of ATP for E (both use ATP)
o Similar mechanism of photosynthesis (cyanobacteria & plants)
Similar structures, diff PROs

Question 11

viruses

Answer 11

crossroads b/w living & non-living metter

bits of NAs (DNA or RNA) with a PRO coat

Question 12

Viroids

Answer 12

circular RNA without PRO coat (not a virus)

can only infect plants

Question 13

Prions

Answer 13

proteinaceous infectious particles
NO genetic material
Can cause cells to replicate themselves
Help refold PROs to make more of themselves

Question 14

Why are viruses not considered life forms?

Answer 14

reproduction
respond to stimuli
don’t follow characteristics of life

Question 15

What are the model organisms in cell bio research

Answer 15

e. coli
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
Arabidopsis thaliana 
Caenorhabditis elegans 
Drosophila melanogaster 
Mus musculus

Question 16

what makes a good model species?

Answer 16

o Full genome sequence, small makes it easier
o Short life cycle
o Mutants interesting genetics
o Genetic studies

Question 17

What can an electron microscope depict?

Answer 17

organelles

cytoskeleton

Question 18

What can an atomic force microscope depict?

Answer 18

molecules

Question 19

What are the 2 kinds of light microscopes?

Answer 19

electron

atomic force

Question 20

if you increase the size of a cell, what happens to the SA/V? & why is this a prob

Answer 20

decreases

gets too big to uptake nutrients & rid wastes

Question 21

What are large celled exceptions to the SA/V?

Answer 21

o Absorptive epithelium microvilli

o Eggs small amount of protoplasm spread out on a thin layer on big yolk (nutrients) enables absorption of nutrients

o Nerve cells long length, narrow width & super thin with many openings allowing absorption of nutrients

Question 22

What are the most abundant elements in a cell?

Answer 22

H
O
C
N

Question 23

What are the most abundant molecules in a cell?

Answer 23

Water

PRO

NA

CARBS

LIPIDS

OTHER