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Technology 3 - Building Science and Structures > Properties & Structure of Wood > Flashcards

Properties & Structure of Wood Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristic properties of timber

A
  • Low density and relatively high tensile strength
  • Subject to dimensional changes due to variation in moisture content.
  • Combustibility
  • Anistropy due to fibrous nature of wood. material has different properties in different directions.
  • Mechanical properties are fixed by the growth cycle.
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2
Q

What the three main functions of tree trunks

A
  • Support the crown
  • conduct mineral solutions from the roots to crown
  • transport food from the crown and store it.
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3
Q

What is the outer region of a tree trunk called

A

Sapwood

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4
Q

Sapwood is the…

A

Outer region of a tree trunk

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5
Q

conduction of fluids and food storage are restricted to the…

A

Sapwood, outer region.

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6
Q

The inner region of a tree trunk is called…

A

Heartwood

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7
Q

Heartwood is…

A

The inner region of a tree trunk

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8
Q

What are observed in trunk cross-sections…

A

Growth rings

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9
Q

How to growth rings become annual

A

If trees are in temperature regions resulting from distinct seasons.

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10
Q

Growth rings occur because…

A

Different growth rates in different parts of the growing season.

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11
Q

What are the two different types of wood associated to different seasonal growth rates…

A
  • Early Wood, softer coarser and more porous.

- Late Wood

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12
Q

What are the two classifications of commercial timber…

A
  • Softwood

- Hardwood

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13
Q

Softwood and Hardwood are classified by…

A

Structural differences and not the mechanical properties

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14
Q

What type of tree are softwoods derived from…

A

Coniferous

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15
Q

Coniferous trees produce…

A

Softwood

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16
Q

What is the characteristic of coniferous trees…

A

needle shaped leaves (gymnosperms)

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17
Q

What type of tree are hardwoods derived from…

A

Broad leaved trees

18
Q

Broad leaved trees produce…

A

Hardwoods

19
Q

Trees which shed their leaves annually are called

A

Angiosperms

20
Q

What are the four main types of cells in timber

A

(P) - Parenchyma
(T) - Tracheids
(F) - Fibres
(V) - Vessels

21
Q

What is the function of Tracheids

A

they conduct fluids and contribute to mechanical support.

Needle shaped cells 2-5mm long which occur parallel to the stem axis.

22
Q

they conduct fluids and contribute to mechanical support.

Needle shaped cells 2-5mm long which occur parallel to the stem axis.

Are the characteristics of…

A

Tracheids

23
Q

What is the function of Parenchyma

A

They store food. occur n the rays and are block like cells

24
Q

They store food. occur n the rays and are block like cells. Is the characteristic of…

A

Parenchyma

25
Q

What is the function of fibres…

A

Support. long thin cells.

26
Q

What cell type is responsible for support

A

Fibres

27
Q

What is the function of Vessels…

A

Conduction. they are short relatively wide cells placed on top of each other.

28
Q

What cell types to softwoods consist of…

A

Parenchyma

Tracheids

29
Q

Parenchyma & Tracheids are consistent with…

A

Softwoods

30
Q

Hardwoods have all four cell types because…

A

they are broad leaved tress which have to support a greater mass due to foliage.

31
Q

What are the three sides of a wedge shapes piece of timber sample

A

Transverse - Top section

Radial - Side section going into centre

Tangential - Front facing side.

32
Q

Vessels formed early on in growing season are wider and thinner, and the decease in size throughout the growth ring is slow. These species of tress are known as…

A

Diffuse-Porous hardwoods (beech, sycamore)

33
Q

Diffuse-Porous hardwoods (beech, sycamore) are formed due to…

A

Vessels formed early on in growing season are wider and thinner, and the decease in size throughout the growth ring is slow

34
Q

The abrupt transition from large vessels of the early wood to the small vessels of the late wood create…

A

Ring-porous hardwoods (oak, ash, elm)

35
Q

Ring-porous hardwoods (oak, ash, elm) are formed due to…

A

The abrupt transition from large vessels of the early wood to the small vessels of the late wood

36
Q

The structure of the cell wall consists of what components

A

Fibre & Matrix

37
Q

What is the constituent of the fibre

A

Cellulose

38
Q

Cellulose is a constituent of..

A

The Fibre.

39
Q

What are the constituents of the Matrix

A

Lignin & Hemicelluloses

40
Q

Lignin & Hemicelluloses are the constituents of…

A

The Matrix.

Technology 3 - Building Science and Structures (12 decks)

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