Properties of materials Flashcards
fundamental requirements of structures (3)
to enclose a space, withstand forces and transmit them to the ground, load-bearing capacity of soil
types of building loads (4)
the weight imposed by the building itself, weight of snow or rain, wind loads, weight of occupants and contents
the weight imposed by the building itself, weight of snow or rain, wind loads, weight of occupants and contents are types of…
building loads
to enclose a space, withstand forces and transmit them to the ground, load-bearing capacity of soil are…
fundamental requirements of structures
definition of force
that which produces a deformation in material
that which produces a deformation in material is known as
force
What is Strength
The ability to resist failure or excessive Plastic deformation under stress
The ability to resist failure or excessive Plastic deformation under stress is also Known as
Strength
definition of stress
intensity of force
intensity of force is known as
stress
equation for calculating stress
stress = force(PSI or MN/M²) / area of which force acts
stress = force(PSI or MN/M²) / area of which force acts
equation for calculating stress
types of stress (3)
tensile = tension stress (pulling) compressive = compression (pushing) shear = friction/tortion
tensile, compressive and shear are types of…
stress
bending stresses are…
dead load on a steel beam. Top half is in compression, bottom half is in tension. Neutral zone is in shear stress.
dead load on a steel beam is a…
bending stress
properties of steel (4)
high strength in tension, compression, shear, bending
deformation is…
consequences of application of force
consequences of application of force is known as…
deformation
high strength in tension, compression, shear and bending are properties of…
steel
characteristics of deformation (2)
magnitude = amount type = plastic or elastic
plastic, elastic and magnitude are characteristics of what?
deformation
definition of strain
strain is deformation due to stress
Deformation due to stress is known as
Strain
strain is calculated by
change in dimension / original dimension = strain
change in dimension original dimension =
strain
tensile and compressive strain are..
direct strains
examples of direct strains (2)
tensile and compressive
sheer strain is…
indirect strain
indirect strain is known as…
sheer strain
elastic deformation is
fully recoverable
which type of deformation is fully recoverable?
elastic deformation
plastic deformation is
permanent deformation
which type of deformation is permanent?
plastic deformation
within plastic deformation, tension has high…
ductility
tension has high ductility within…
plastic deformation
ductility is…
a solid material’s ability to deform under tensile stress
a solid material’s ability to deform under tensile stress is known as…
ductility
What is Stiffness
Ability of a material to resist elastic deformation under load
Ability of a material to resist elastic deformation under load is Known as
Stiffness
What is toughness
The ability of a material to absorb energy by impact or sudden blow
The ability of a material to absorb energy by impact or sudden blow is known as
Toughness
The equation used to measure stiffness is…
Young’s Modulus (E)
Young’s Modulus is used to measure…
Stiffness.
The equation for Young’s Modulus is…
Stress (Tensile or Compressive) / Elastic Strain
Stress (Tensile or Compressive) / Elastic Strain is the equation for
Young’s Modulus.
Material Stiffness can be referred to as….
Young’s Modulus
Young’s Modulus can also be referred to as
Material stiffness.
Component Stiffness…
is governed by shape of component and distribution of material
The shape of a component and the distribution of material leads to…
Component Stiffness.
Lateral supports e.g.Herringbone Struts prevent…
twist and shear stress, resulting in a reduced risk for cracked ceilings.
The lateral supports which reduce the twists and shear stresses are…
Herringbone Struts.
The components of a steel I beam are (2)
Flange (Top & Bottom) Web (Middle)
Flange (Top & Bottom) Web (Middle) are components in…
Steel I beams.
What is Hardness
Resistance to Indentation under Stress
Resistance to Indentation under Stress is known as
Hardness
What are the long term mechanical properties (2)
Creep & Fatigue
Creep & Fatigue are characteristics of….
Long term mechanical properties.
What is Creep
The effect of long term Stress, leading to additional distortion or failure
The effect of long term Stress, leading to additional distortion or failure is known as
Creep.
What is Fatigue
The effect of load reversals such as vibrations which lead to failure at relatively low stress.
The effect of load reversals such as vibrations which lead to failure at relatively low stress.
Fatigue
Dimensional changes can by produced by… (2)
changes in moisture content, changes in temperature.
changes in moisture content &changes in temperature can result in….
Dimensional Changes.
