Properties of Water Flashcards
Describe specific heat capacity
Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree Celsius
State the formula of specific heat capacity
Q=mcT
State the formula used to determine density of a substance
d=m/v
Describe density
Measure of the amount of mass that is contained in a certain volume of that substance
State whether water has a high or low specific heat capacity
High
Describe the density of water
Less dense in solid form than in liquid form
State what allows the low density of water in solid form
Hexagonal arrangement of water molecules
State whether or not pure water conducts electricity
Very slightly
State what allows water molecules to react slightly when current is applied
Ability of water molecules to form a small number of ions
State whether pure water is scientifically considered a conductor or non conductor
Non-conductor
State the 5 effects of hydrogen bonding on the properties of water
- relatively high melting and boiling points
- expansion of water upon freezing
- high latent heat
- high specific heat capacity
- ability of water to dissolve other substances
State what water is sometimes referred to as
The universal solvent
Describe solubility
Extent to which a solute can dissolve in a solvent
Describe solute
A dissolved substance in a solution
Describe solvent
The liquid component of a solution
State what the solubility of one substance in another is determined by
Polar and non-polar nature of the solute and solvent
State the rule of solubility employed by chemists
Like dissolves like
State what a polar solvent generally dissolves
Polar solute
State what a non-polar solvent generally dissolves
Non-polar solvent
When a salt is placed in water and dissolves, positive and negative ions become surrounded by water molecules. State what individual ions that are surrounded by water are referred to as
Hydrated ions
State whether or not polar gases dissolve easily in water
Yes
State whether or not non-polar gases dissolve easily in water
No
State what an increase in pressure may increase
Solubility of a gas in liquids
State what an increase in temperature may decrease
Solubility of a gas in liquids
Describe dissociation
Process by which particles in the solid state are pulled apart by water and become able to move around
State what dissociation results in
Solid dissolving and a solution being formed
State what precipitation reactions result in
Solutions of a soluble substances are mixed and an insoluble substance is formed
State what an ion in ionic equations that does not form or change is referred to as
Spectator ion
Describe saturated solution
A solution in which the maximum amount of solvent has been dissolved
Describe unsaturated solution
A solution containing less that the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve
Describe supersaturated solution
A solution in which there is a greater amount of solute dissolved at a particular temp than predicted by solubility curve
