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C11 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Describe organic chemistry

A

Systematic study of the compounds of carbon

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2
Q

Provide 4 substances of which their oxides are not considered organic

A
  1. carbon
  2. carbonates
  3. carbides
  4. cyanides
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3
Q

Describe organic compounds

A

Class of chemical compounds that contain carbon -hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

State a reason supporting the ability of carbon to form a wide range of chemicals

A

Strength of carbon-carbon bonds

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5
Q

State what carbon can chemically do with itself

A

Bond

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6
Q

Describe hydrocarbons

A

Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms

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7
Q

State whether alkanes are classified as aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbons

A

Aliphatic

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8
Q

State whether alkenes are classified as aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbons

A

Aliphatic

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9
Q

State whether alkynes are classifed as aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbons

A

Aliphatic

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10
Q

Describe whether alkanes are saturated or unsaturated

A

Saturated

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11
Q

Describe whether alkenes are saturated or unsaturated

A

Unsaturated

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12
Q

Describe whether alkynes are saturated or unsaturated

A

Unsaturated

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13
Q

Describe the 2 classifications of cyclic hydrocarbons

A
  • saturated

- unsaturated

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14
Q

Provide 1 example of saturated cyclic hydrocarbons

A

cyclohexane

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15
Q

Provide 1 example of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons

A

benzene

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16
Q

Describe saturated hydrocarbons

A

Contain only single carbon-carbon bonds

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17
Q

Describe unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds

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18
Q

Describe cyclic hydrocarbons

A

Carbon atoms are arranged in a ring

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19
Q

State the simplest arrangement of hydrocarbons

A

Carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms

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20
Q

State the simplest arrangement of hydrocarbons

A

Carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms

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21
Q

Describe the solubility of hydrocarbon compounds in water

A

Insoluble

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22
Q

State whether or not hydrocarbon compounds react with water

A

No

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23
Q

State whether or not hydrocarbon compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents

A

Generally soluble

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24
Q

Compare and contrast the electronegativities of carbon and hydrogen atoms

A

Electronegativity of C and H is very similar

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25
Q

State whether the C-H bond is polar or non-polar

A

Non-polar

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26
Q

State whether or not hydrocarbon compounds are polar and non-polar. Explain.

A

Non-polar due to symmetrical structure

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27
Q

State what increases with the length of the hydrocarbon chain of carbon atoms

A

Boiling points

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28
Q

State what intermolecular forces are exerted upon the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain

A

Dispersion forces

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29
Q

State what the size of a hydrocarbon molecule increases

A

Strength of the dispersion forces

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30
Q

State whether or not the branched structure of a hydrocarbon chain increases or decreases boiling point

A

If a molecule is branched, this lowers the boiling point

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31
Q

State what the branches in hydrocarbon prevent molecules within the compound from doing

A

Coming closer together

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32
Q

Describe alkanes

A

Family of hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon atoms

33
Q

State the 3 types of hydrocarbon structures

A
  1. alkanes
  2. alkenes
  3. alkynes
34
Q

Describe the homologous series

A

Any series of organic compounds in which each successive member differs by CH2

35
Q

State the general formula which represents a homologous series of hydrocarbons

A

CnH2n+2 (where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule)

36
Q

Describe the main reactions of alkanes

A
  1. Combustion

2. Substitution

37
Q

Describe what alkanes burn in oxygen to form

A

CO2 and H2O

38
Q

Describe what alkanes react with chlorine and fluorine to form

A

Haloalkanes

39
Q

State the reaction in which alkanes burn in oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O

A

Combustion reaction

40
Q

State the reaction in which alkanes react with chlorine and fluorine to produce haloalkanes

A

Substitution reaction

41
Q

Describe what alkenes burn in oxygen to form

A

CO2 and H2O

42
Q

State the reaction in which alkenes react with hydrogen or halogens

A

Addition reaction

43
Q

State the reaction in which alkenes burn in oxygen

A

Combustion reaction

44
Q

State what reaction alkenes can undergo to form polymers

A

Self-addition reaction

45
Q

Describe alkynes

A

Family of hydrocarbons containing one triple bond between two carbon atoms

46
Q

Describe the main reactions of alkynes

A
  1. Combustion reaction (oxidation)

2. Addition reaction

47
Q

Describe isomers

A

Organic molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

48
Q

State what alkanes, alkynes and alkenes are all examples of

A

Homologous series

49
Q

State the number of bonds characterised by alkanes

A

Single bond

50
Q

State the number of bonds characterised by alkenes

A

Double bond

51
Q

State the number of bonds characterised by alkynes

A

Triple bond

52
Q

State what the carbon backbone of some hydrocarbons can form

A

A ring

53
Q

State the functional group of alcohols

A

-OH

54
Q

Describe the ending used to identify alcohols

A

-ol

55
Q

State the reactions of alcohols

A
  • combustion reaction
56
Q

State the functional group of carboxylic acids

A

-COO

57
Q

Describe the ending used to identify carboxylic acids

A

-oic acid

58
Q

State the reactions of carboxylic acids

A
  • reactions with alcohol
59
Q

State what carboxylic acids form when they react with alcohol

A

Esters

60
Q

Describe esters

A

Group of compounds with strong scent

61
Q

State the boiling point of most esters

A

Low boiling points

62
Q

Describe the ending used to identify esters

A

-oate

63
Q

Describe fractional distillation

A

Mixtures of liquids are separated into fractions based on differences in boiling temperatures

64
Q

State the 2 types of cracking

A
  1. thermal cracking

2. catalytic cracking

65
Q

Describe cracking

A

Process that converts large alkane molecules into smaller ones

66
Q

Describe thermal cracking

A

Conversion of alkane molecules into smaller ones at high temperatures

67
Q

Describe catalytic cracking

A

Conversion of alkane molecules into smaller ones at lower temperatures in the presence of a catalyst

68
Q

State the prefix used to describe 1 carbon atom

A

Meth

69
Q

State the prefix used to describe 2 carbon atoms

A

Eth

70
Q

State the prefix used to describe 3 carbon atoms

A

Prop

71
Q

State the prefix used to describe 4 carbon atoms

A

But

72
Q

State the prefix used to describe 5 carbon atoms

A

Pent

73
Q

State the prefix used to describe 6 carbon atoms

A

Hex

74
Q

State the prefix used to describe 7 carbon atoms

A

Hept

75
Q

State the prefix used to describe 8 carbon atoms

A

Oct

76
Q

State the prefix used to describe 9 carbon atoms

A

Non

77
Q

State the prefix used to describe 10 carbon atoms

A

Dec

78
Q

Describe aliphatic

A

Organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen in straight, branched chains, or non-aromatic rings.

C11 (13 decks)

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