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C11 > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Describe organic chemistry

A

Systematic study of the compounds of carbon

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2
Q

Provide 4 substances of which their oxides are not considered organic

A
  1. carbon
  2. carbonates
  3. carbides
  4. cyanides
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3
Q

Describe organic compounds

A

Class of chemical compounds that contain carbon -hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

State a reason supporting the ability of carbon to form a wide range of chemicals

A

Strength of carbon-carbon bonds

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5
Q

State what carbon can chemically do with itself

A

Bond

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6
Q

Describe hydrocarbons

A

Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms

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7
Q

State whether alkanes are classified as aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbons

A

Aliphatic

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8
Q

State whether alkenes are classified as aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbons

A

Aliphatic

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9
Q

State whether alkynes are classifed as aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbons

A

Aliphatic

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10
Q

Describe whether alkanes are saturated or unsaturated

A

Saturated

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11
Q

Describe whether alkenes are saturated or unsaturated

A

Unsaturated

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12
Q

Describe whether alkynes are saturated or unsaturated

A

Unsaturated

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13
Q

Describe the 2 classifications of cyclic hydrocarbons

A
  • saturated

- unsaturated

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14
Q

Provide 1 example of saturated cyclic hydrocarbons

A

cyclohexane

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15
Q

Provide 1 example of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons

A

benzene

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16
Q

Describe saturated hydrocarbons

A

Contain only single carbon-carbon bonds

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17
Q

Describe unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds

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18
Q

Describe cyclic hydrocarbons

A

Carbon atoms are arranged in a ring

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19
Q

State the simplest arrangement of hydrocarbons

A

Carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms

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20
Q

State the simplest arrangement of hydrocarbons

A

Carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms

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21
Q

Describe the solubility of hydrocarbon compounds in water

A

Insoluble

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22
Q

State whether or not hydrocarbon compounds react with water

A

No

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23
Q

State whether or not hydrocarbon compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents

A

Generally soluble

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24
Q

Compare and contrast the electronegativities of carbon and hydrogen atoms

A

Electronegativity of C and H is very similar

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25
State whether the C-H bond is polar or non-polar
Non-polar
26
State whether or not hydrocarbon compounds are polar and non-polar. Explain.
Non-polar due to symmetrical structure
27
State what increases with the length of the hydrocarbon chain of carbon atoms
Boiling points
28
State what intermolecular forces are exerted upon the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain
Dispersion forces
29
State what the size of a hydrocarbon molecule increases
Strength of the dispersion forces
30
State whether or not the branched structure of a hydrocarbon chain increases or decreases boiling point
If a molecule is branched, this lowers the boiling point
31
State what the branches in hydrocarbon prevent molecules within the compound from doing
Coming closer together
32
Describe alkanes
Family of hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon atoms
33
State the 3 types of hydrocarbon structures
1. alkanes 2. alkenes 3. alkynes
34
Describe the homologous series
Any series of organic compounds in which each successive member differs by CH2
35
State the general formula which represents a homologous series of hydrocarbons
CnH2n+2 (where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule)
36
Describe the main reactions of alkanes
1. Combustion | 2. Substitution
37
Describe what alkanes burn in oxygen to form
CO2 and H2O
38
Describe what alkanes react with chlorine and fluorine to form
Haloalkanes
39
State the reaction in which alkanes burn in oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O
Combustion reaction
40
State the reaction in which alkanes react with chlorine and fluorine to produce haloalkanes
Substitution reaction
41
Describe what alkenes burn in oxygen to form
CO2 and H2O
42
State the reaction in which alkenes react with hydrogen or halogens
Addition reaction
43
State the reaction in which alkenes burn in oxygen
Combustion reaction
44
State what reaction alkenes can undergo to form polymers
Self-addition reaction
45
Describe alkynes
Family of hydrocarbons containing one triple bond between two carbon atoms
46
Describe the main reactions of alkynes
1. Combustion reaction (oxidation) | 2. Addition reaction
47
Describe isomers
Organic molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
48
State what alkanes, alkynes and alkenes are all examples of
Homologous series
49
State the number of bonds characterised by alkanes
Single bond
50
State the number of bonds characterised by alkenes
Double bond
51
State the number of bonds characterised by alkynes
Triple bond
52
State what the carbon backbone of some hydrocarbons can form
A ring
53
State the functional group of alcohols
-OH
54
Describe the ending used to identify alcohols
-ol
55
State the reactions of alcohols
- combustion reaction
56
State the functional group of carboxylic acids
-COO
57
Describe the ending used to identify carboxylic acids
-oic acid
58
State the reactions of carboxylic acids
- reactions with alcohol
59
State what carboxylic acids form when they react with alcohol
Esters
60
Describe esters
Group of compounds with strong scent
61
State the boiling point of most esters
Low boiling points
62
Describe the ending used to identify esters
-oate
63
Describe fractional distillation
Mixtures of liquids are separated into fractions based on differences in boiling temperatures
64
State the 2 types of cracking
1. thermal cracking | 2. catalytic cracking
65
Describe cracking
Process that converts large alkane molecules into smaller ones
66
Describe thermal cracking
Conversion of alkane molecules into smaller ones at high temperatures
67
Describe catalytic cracking
Conversion of alkane molecules into smaller ones at lower temperatures in the presence of a catalyst
68
State the prefix used to describe 1 carbon atom
Meth
69
State the prefix used to describe 2 carbon atoms
Eth
70
State the prefix used to describe 3 carbon atoms
Prop
71
State the prefix used to describe 4 carbon atoms
But
72
State the prefix used to describe 5 carbon atoms
Pent
73
State the prefix used to describe 6 carbon atoms
Hex
74
State the prefix used to describe 7 carbon atoms
Hept
75
State the prefix used to describe 8 carbon atoms
Oct
76
State the prefix used to describe 9 carbon atoms
Non
77
State the prefix used to describe 10 carbon atoms
Dec
78
Describe aliphatic
Organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen in straight, branched chains, or non-aromatic rings.

C11 (13 decks)

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