Ionic Bonding

Question 1

Describe ionic compounds

Answer 1

Compound containing cations and anions in an ionic lattice structure

Question 2

State 3 types of chemical bonds

Answer 2

1. ionic bond
2. metallic bond
3. covalent bond

Question 3

State 3 ways atoms can increase stability

Answer 3

1. give electrons to another atom
2. take electrons from another atom
3. share electrons with another atom

Question 4

Describe ionic bond

Answer 4

Metallic atoms combine with non-metallic atoms to form an ionic lattice

Question 5

Describe metallic bond

Answer 5

Metallic atoms combine to form a metallic lattice

Question 6

Describe covalent bond

Answer 6

Non-metallic atoms combine to form either molecules or covalent lattices

Question 7

Describe cation

Answer 7

Atom that has lost electrons

Question 8

Describe charge of cation

Answer 8

Positive

Question 9

Describe anion

Answer 9

Atom that has gained electrons

Question 10

Describe charge of anion

Answer 10

Negative

Question 11

Describe what determines whether or not an atom gains or loses electrons

Answer 11

Electronegativity

Question 12

Describe the type of attraction that forms between anions and cations in ionic compounds

Answer 12

Electrostatic attraction

Question 13

Describe what produces an ionic bond

Answer 13

Strong force of attraction between positive and negative ions (electrostatic attraction)

Question 14

Describe the general name for an ionic substance

Answer 14

Salt

Question 15

Describe what ionic compounds form

Answer 15

Crystals

Question 16

Describe what ionic crystals are composed of

Answer 16

Metallic cations and non-metallic anions

Question 17

Describe what crystals are held together by

Answer 17

Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 18

Describe what the numbers of cations and anions in an ionic compound are fixed by

Answer 18

Requirements that the solid is neutral

Question 19

Describe 4 major properties of ionic compounds

Answer 19

1. hard
2. dissolve in water
3. conduct electricity in aqueous solution
4. brittle

Question 20

Describe why ionic compounds are hard

Answer 20

Strong ionic bond holding the ions together

Question 21

Describe why ionic compounds often dissolve in water

Answer 21

Water molecules are able to move between ions and free them by disrupting crystal structure

Question 22

Describe why ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in an aqueous solution

Answer 22

Molten: ions can slide past one another

Dissolved in water: ions can dissociate from the lattice and can move freely to conduct an electric current

Question 23

Describe why ionic compounds are brittle

Answer 23

Distortion causes ions of like charges to come close together and the repulsion between these ions cleaves the crystal

Question 24

Describe a binary ionic compound

Answer 24

Only two elements are present

Question 25

Describe a polyatomic ion

Answer 25

Group of tightly bound atoms that behaves as a single unit and carries an overall charge

Question 26

Provide an possible application of 2 ionic compounds

Answer 26

1. limestone: calcium carbonate (CaCO3) - cement | 2. salt: sodium chloride (NaCl) - chlorine