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C11 > Polymers > Flashcards

Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

Describe polymers

A

Large molecules made by joining monomers together

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2
Q

Describe plastics

A

Polymer that can be moulded when hot and retains its’ shape when cooled

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3
Q

Describe monomers

A

Molecules that link together to form a polymer

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4
Q

Describe addition polymerisation

A

The process in which monomers with at least one double bond react together to form a polymer by addition reactions

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5
Q

Describe condensation polymerisation

A

Polymerisation in which two monomers combine and a smaller molecule is eliminated

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6
Q

Describe polymerisation

A

The formation of a giant molecules by repeated monomers that are joined by covalent bonds

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7
Q

Describe polyethene

A

A polymer consisting of monomers of ethene

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8
Q

Describe rubber

A

A polymer formed from natural materials

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9
Q

Describe thermoplastic

A

Describes polymers that soften on heating

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10
Q

Describe thermosetting

A

Describes polymers that do not soften on heating and char if heated strongly

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11
Q

Describe thermosoftening

A

Describe polymers that soften on heating to change their shape

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12
Q

Describe copolymer

A

A polymer formed when two different monomers are polymerised

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13
Q

Describe cross-linking

A

The bonding between two polymers

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14
Q

Describe elastomer

A

A polymer that can be stretched and return to its original shape

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15
Q

State a more common name for isoprene

A

Rubber

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16
Q

Describe isotactic

A

A polymer in which the methyl groups are all on the same side of the carbon chain

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17
Q

Describe linear polymers

A

Polymers that do not have a side chains

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18
Q

Describe atactic

A

A polymer in which the methyl groups take random positions in front of and behind the carbon chain

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19
Q

Compare and contrast the structure of linear and cross-linked polymers

A

Linear polymers - straight chain structures

Cross-linked polymers - network structures

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20
Q

State the 4 things polymers can be

A
  • non-polar
  • polar
  • composed of copolymers
  • conductive
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21
Q

State what the properties of polymers is determined by

A
  • monomers
  • additives
  • chain length
  • branching
22
Q

State the 2 forms of synthetic polymers

A
  1. thermosoftened

2. thermoplastic

23
Q

State whether or not linear polymers melt at high temperatures

A

No.

24
Q

State whether or not cross-linked polymers melt at high temperatures

A

No

25
Q

State what occurs to cross-linked polymers when exposed to high temperatures

A

Tend to become a soft material that eventually burns

26
Q

State what LDPE represents

A

Low-density polyethene

27
Q

State what HDPE represents

A

High-density polyethene

28
Q

State the 2 forms in which polyethene is produced

A
  1. LDPE

2. HDPE

29
Q

State what forces interact with polymer chains if they pack closely together

A

Weak dispersion forces

30
Q

State whether or not linear polymers are unbrached

A

Yes. Unbranched

31
Q

State what can increase the strength of polymers

A

Addition of crystalline areas

32
Q

State what can increase the flexibility of polymers

A

Addition of plasticisers

33
Q

State what increases in proportion to an increase with crystallinity

A

Hardness, tensile strength and opacity

34
Q

State what increases with the length of polymer chains

A

Strength, melting and boiling temperature increases

35
Q

State what long chains are less likely to do when compared to smaller chains

A

Slide over one another

36
Q

Describe plasticisers

A

Small molecules added to the components to increase flexibility

37
Q

Provide 1 example of an addition polymer

A
  1. rubber
38
Q

Provide 3 advantages of polymer materials

A
  • moulded into any shape
  • don’t corrode
  • cheaper raw materials
  • low density
  • good insulators
  • water resistant
  • chemically inert
  • unbreakable
  • relatively cheap to produce
39
Q

Provide 3 disadvantages of polymer materials

A
  • long time to decompose
  • take up space in landfill
  • cause pollution in oceans
  • produce toxic gases on combustion
  • cause health problems
40
Q

Provide 3 examples of natural polymers

A
  1. wool
  2. cotton
  3. hair
41
Q

State the 2 ways polymers are made

A
  1. addition polymers

2. condensation polymers

42
Q

Describe the characteristics of LDPE polymers

A

Soft, flexible and translucent material with a waxy surface

43
Q

Describe what structure is consistent with the characteristics of LDPE polymers

A

Large number of long, side branches held by weak dispersion forces

44
Q

Describe the characteristics of HDPE polymers

A

Less flexible than LDPE, strong and opaque

45
Q

Describe what structure is consistent with the characteristics of HDPE polymers

A

Few short side branches which are held close by dispersion forces

46
Q

State the 2 polymers which may be produced by the unique arrangements of side branches

A
  1. isotactic

2. atactic

47
Q

Outline the density of isotactic polymers

A

High density substance

48
Q

Outline the density of atactic polymers

A

Low density substance

49
Q

State what the effect of additives is on polymers

A

Contribute to the appearance and stability of the polymer

50
Q

State what occurs to plastics that can be recycled

A

Sorted according to standard recycling codes

51
Q

State how plastics are recycled

A

Shredded, washed and melted to produce chips that can be remoulded

C11 (13 decks)

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