Chemical Reactions and Equations

Question 1

Describe chemical changes

Answer 1

A reaction in which one or more substances are transformed into one or more new substances

Question 2

Describe physical changes

Answer 2

Changes of state that do not form new substances

Question 3

State 7 qualitative indicators that a chemical change is occuring

Answer 3

1. substance disappears
2. gas produced
3. solid precipitant
4. colour change
5. temperature change
6. odour
7. light

Question 4

Describe chemical equations

Answer 4

Ways of representing chemical reaction

Question 5

State what 2 things a chemical reaction shows

Answer 5

1. reactants

2. products

Question 6

Describe reactants

Answer 6

Chemical species transformed in a chemical reaction

Question 7

Describe products

Answer 7

Chemical species obtained as the result of a chemical reaction

Question 8

Describe the overall structure of all chemical reactions

Answer 8

reactants -> products

Question 9

Describe catalysts

Answer 9

Substance that alters the rate of a reaction without a change in its own concentration

Question 10

Provide the symbol for a solid in a chemical reaction

Answer 10

s

Question 11

Provide the symbol for a liquid in a chemical reaction

Answer 11

l

Question 12

Provide the symbol for an aqueous solution in a chemical reaction

Answer 12

aq

Question 13

Provide the symbol for a gas in a chemical reaction

Answer 13

g

Question 14

Describe s

Answer 14

A reactant or product in the solid state

Question 15

Describe l

Answer 15

A reactant or product in the liquid state

Question 16

Describe aq

Answer 16

A reactant or product in the aqueous solution

Question 17

Describe g

Answer 17

A reactant or product in the gaseous state

Question 18

Describe the law of conservation of mass

Answer 18

No detectable gain or loss in mass which occurs in chemical reactions

Question 19

State what the law of conservation of mass details regarding chemical equations

Answer 19

The total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of the product

Question 20

State the 3 types of chemical reactions

Answer 20

1. precipitation
2. acid-base
3. combustion

Question 21

Describe when precipitation occurs

Answer 21

When ions in solution combine to form a new compound of low solubility in water

Question 22

Describe precipitate

Answer 22

Low solubility compound forms a solid particle that eventually settles

Question 23

State what kind of reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to form a salt or water

Answer 23

Neutralisation reaction

Question 24

Describe neutralisation reaction

Answer 24

Reaction between an acid and base

Question 25

Describe the overall structure of neutralisation reactions

Answer 25

acid + base -> salt + water

Question 26

Describe the overall structure of acid-metal reactions

Answer 26

acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen

Question 27

Describe the overall structure of acid-metal carbonate reactions

Answer 27

acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 28

Describe the overall structure of acid-metal oxide reactions

Answer 28

acid + metal oxide -> salt + water

Question 29

Describe the overall structure of acid-metal hydroxide reactions

Answer 29

acid + metal hydroxide -> salt + water

Question 30

Describe indicator

Answer 30

Substances that can indicate an acid or basic state and a range of pH values

Question 31

State for what reason an indicator may be used

Answer 31

Detect a neutralisation reaction

Question 32

Describe combustion reaction

Answer 32

The addition of oxygen to a reactant, often producing heat

Question 33

State in what supply hydrocarbons burn in

Answer 33

Plentiful supplies of oxygen

Question 34

State what kind of products are produced in combustion reactions

Answer 34

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 35

Describe the overall structure of combustion reactions

Answer 35

hydrocarbon + plentiful oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 36

Describe the overall structure of combustion reactions in a limited supply of oxygen

Answer 36

hydrocarbon + limited oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water

Question 37

Describe the overall structure of acid-metal hydrogen carbonate

Answer 37

acid + metal hydrogen carbonate -> salt + carbon dioxide + water

Question 38

Describe the overall structure of a reaction in which heat is applied to metal carbonate

Answer 38

metal carbonate -> (heat) metal oxide + carbon dioxide

Question 39

State the 4 elements for which no acid-metal reaction occurs

Answer 39

- Ag - Cu - Pt - Au