Properties of materials Flashcards
Mechanical properties of materials
compression, tensile, bending, shear, torsional, hardness, toughness, plasticity, ductility, malleability, elasticity
Mechanical properties of a material definition
how a material reacts to an external force
Physical properties of materials
electrical conductor/insulator, thermal conductor/insulator, thermal expansion, opaque, translucent, density, fusibility, magnetism, corrosion
Compressive strength definition
ability to withstand being crushed or shortened by pushing forces
Tensile strength definition
ability to resist scratching or pulling forces
Bending strength definition
ability to resist forces that may bend the material
Shear strength definition
ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane
Torsional strength definition
ability to withstand twisting forces from applies torque or torsion
Hardness definition
ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting
Toughness definition
ability to absorb impact force without fracture
Plasticity definition
ability to be permanently deformed and retain deformed shape
Ductility definition
ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing cross-section area without cracking
Malleability definition
ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking
Electrical conductor definition
allows the flow of electrical current through the material, a good conductor gives little resistance to flow of charge
Electrical insulator definition
does not allow the flow of electricity through the material
Thermal conductor definition
allows the transfer of heat energy through the material, high thermal conductivity allows the transfer of heat to occur quickly
Thermal insulator definition
prevents the transfer of heat through the material
Thermal expansion definition
increase in material volume in response to a heat input
Opaque definition
prevents light from travelling through
Translucent definition
allows light through but diffuses the light so objects appear blurred
Transparent definition
allows light to pass through easily which means you can see clearly though it
Density definition
mass of the material in a standard volume of space
Fusibility definition
ability of the material to be fused or converted from a liquid or molten state usually by heat, good fusibility is an essential property for a metal being cast
Magnetism definition
natural force between objects that cause the material to attract iron
Corrosion/degradation resistance definition
ability of the material to withstand environmental attack and decay
