Properties and uses of Crude Oil Flashcards
Crude oil is mostly [ ]
alkanes
What are alkanes made up of
Chains of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms
What are the first 4 alkanes?
1) Methane
2) Ethane
3) Propane
4) Butane
What is the formula and structure of methane?
CH₄ H
|
H -- C -- H
|
HWhat is the formula and structure of ethane?
C₂H₆ H H
| |
H -- C -- C -- H
| |
H HWhat is the formula and structure of propane?
C₃H₈ H H H
| | |
H -- C -- C -- C -- H
| | |
H H HWhat is the formula and structure of butane?
C₄H₁₀ H H H H
| | | |
H – C – C – C – C – H
| | | |
H H H H
What does each straight line on a diagram of an alkane represent?
A covalent bond
What does the term saturated mean?
The atoms have formed bonds with as many other atoms as they can - carbon atoms form 4 bonds and hydrogen atoms form 1 bond
What is the general formula for an alkane?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
The [ ] the molecules, the more runny the hydrocarbon - the less [ ] (gloopy) it is
shorter
viscous
What does ‘more volatile’ mean?
The molecules turn into a gas at a lower temperature
The shorter the molecules, the [ ] volatile they are therefore, the lower the temperature at which the [ ] vaporises or [ ] and the lower its [ ] point.
more
fraction
condenses
boiling
The shorter the molecule the more [ ] the hydrocarbon is
flammable
What is refinery gas used for? Why?
Used for bottled gas. The refinery gas fraction has the shortest molecules therefore it has the lowest boiling point - its gas at room temp
