Prom Flashcards
- Most abundant macromineral?
Calcium
- Major case or urolithiasis or urinary tract stone?
Calcium stone
Normal Values of calcium is?
4.5-5.8 mEq/L or 9-11 mg/100ml
Four servings during pregnancy for bones and teeth of fetus?
Milk (calcium)
Increased in Cushing’s syndrome to prevent osteoporosis?
Calcium
What is the effect of PTH (Parathormone) on the calcium level of the blood?
Increased
What is the effect of calcitonin on the calcium blood level?
Decreased
Process of calcium movement from bones to blood?
Ca or bone reabsorption
Process of calcium movement from blood back to the bones?
Ca or bone reabsorption
What is osteoclast
Dead Bone Cells
What is osteoblast?
Living bone cells
Why are bedridden patients prone to stone formation?
SHIFTING OF CALCIUMS FROM BONERS TO BLOOD
Functions are for hardening of the bones, teeth, blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction?
Calcium
Given to old women to prevent osteoporosis?
Calcium
What to be done to bedridden cases to prevent urinary calculi?
Passive or active exercise
Special diet to prevent calcium stone formation?
Acid ash diet
If deficient, leads to cramps, spasm, tetani, + Chovestek sign, + troussoues sign, broncho and laryngospasm?
Calcium
Tapping the area in front of the earlobe initiate what sign?
CHOVESTEK’S SIGN
Calcuim gluconate is the antidote of what drug?
MgSo4
Lack of vitamin D and calcium in young children leads to?
Rickets
Lack of vitamin D and calcuin in adult leads to?
Osteomalasia
Osteoporosis is potential to?
Fracture
Primary cat-ion in the ICF?
Potassium
Normal value of POTASSIUM (K+)
3.5-5.0 meq/L
Major electolyte loss in diarrhea and vomiting
Potassium
Increased during lasix and thiazide therapy?
Potassium
Limited in kidney failure, AGN during oliguric stage?
K
Excessive K-blood level is termed?
Hyperkalemia
Deficient K-blood level is termed?
Hypokalemia
Urine output is less than 500 cc is termed
Oliguria
Hormone that controls K and NA level of the blood
Adosterone
Limited and newly burnt cases?
Calcium
Controls pH, fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission; muscle contractility, BP, Glycogen use?
K
Usual first sign of excess cramps flaccid paralysis, hypertoxicity, and diarrhea?
Hyperkalemia
Effects of too much or lack of potassium K+ on the heart?
Arrythmias
Antidote of to much K+ to prevent cardiac irritability?
Ca Gluconate
Kayexate or NA polysterene is given by enema to remove excess?
K
Isulin + glucose, NaHCO3, injection plus control of metabolic acidosis shifts excess of K to what fluid space?
Ecf to Icf
What happens to K-level of blood in Addisons Disaese?
Increase (limited intake)
What happens to K-level of blood in Cushing Syndrome?
DECREASE (SUPPLEMENT)
Drugs that induce K- loss or hypokalemia?
LASIX, THIAZIDES (LOOP)
. Drugs that promotes K retention?
POTASSIUM (K+)- SPARING – ALDACTONE, DYRENNIUM
K- level of blood in metabolic acidosis?
INCREASED
K- level of blood in metabolic alkalosis?
Decreased
Major an-ion in the ICF space?
Phoshate po4
For fluid, pH it is imbalance and nerve impulse conduction and muscle contractility?
SODIUM (NA+)
Maintained in lithium therapy?
Na
Lithium is for what bipolar disorder?
Manic
Normal blood value of SODIUM (NA+)
138-145 meq/L
Excess may lead to hypertension, edema, anasarca
Na
Edema of the whole body?
Anasarca
Limited in any case of water retention, Cushing Syndrome, HPN, Nephritic Syndrome, Ascites, pheocromocytoma?
Na
Increased in cystic fibrosis, Addisons Diseaes, Diarrhea, vomiting, client of lithium who had diaphoresis?
Na
If hyponatremic leads to giddiness, abdominal cramps, hypotension, cold, pale skin, syncope?
Hyponatremia
If hypernatremic leads to sticky saliva, dry mouth, thirst, weight gain, hyperthermia?
Hypernatremia
Group of drugs that promote excretion into the urine?
Diuretics
Group of drugs that promote retention into the blood?
Steroids
Ear problem that demands Na- restriction?
MENIERE’S DISEASE
Pre- menstrual problem that demands Na restriction?
PRE- MENSTRUAL SYNDROME
Very salty skin of a newborn, suspect what disorder?
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Major an-ion in the ECF space?
Chloride
Normal magnesium level of the blood? 1
1.5-2.5 meq/L
The effects of to much Mg to the CNS?
CNS DEPRESSION
Action of Mg SO4 in cases of Eclampsia?
ANTI-CONVULSANT, LOWER BP, CATHARSIS
The vital signs to check before repeating dose of MgSO4?
DTR, RR, BP AND URINE
Antidote to MgSO4 toxicity?
CALCIUM GLUCONATE
Cheapest source of Magnesium?
GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLE
GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLE
Minerals
Movements of solvent from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration?
Osmosis
Major protein that maintains colloidal osmotic pressure of the blood?
Albumin
Fluids that swell body cells?
Hypotonic
- Fluids that don’t shrink or swell body cells?
Isotonic
NSS (0.9 NaCl), lactated ringers, D5W are what group of solutions?
Isotonic
- NaCl 0.45% and tap water is what group?
Hypotonic
D5 saline, D10 water, D20 water, D5 in 1⁄2 strength saline?
Hypertonic
Mannitol or Osmitrol are what type of solutions?
Osmotic diuresis
Solutions that is hanged together with blood?
0.9 Nacl(Pnss)
Solution used for gastric irrigation, post TURP, eye irrigation, tracheostomy, loosening of phlegm or sputum?
Saline solution
Solution given in DKA and Addisons Disease?
0.9 Nacl
The 55% of whole blood is made up of?
PLASMA
- The universal recipient?
TYPE “AB”
immobilization of the spine by fusion spinal fusion (uniting) of two or more vertebrae.
spinal fusion
The formed elements of the blood are expressed in a laboratory test called?
HEMATOCRIT
Major cat-ion in the ECF space?
Na
Increased after 48 hours in burnt cases?
K
Increased during digitalis therapy to prevent toxicity?
K
Loss in aging process especially post-menopausal women?
Ca
Applying pressure of sphymomanometer on the upper arm will initiate what sign?
TROUSSOUES SIGN
Blood accounts approximately 8% of the weight in its volume is between?
5-6 LITERS
Usual first sign of deficiency are muscle weakness, malaise, fatigue and hypotoxicity?
hypokalemia
Nutrient to limit in edema?
na
Lack of B9 will lead to what disorder?
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
Average count NEUTROPHILS of the WBC?
60-70%
Distended neck veins (jugular veins}, liver congestion, ascites, pleural effusion, anorexia, nausea ,
nocturia pedal or ankle edemas are signs of ?
RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE
Limited and severe pre-eclampsia?
Na
Why hypokalemia leads to digitalis toxicity?
HEART STREGNTH WAS LOST
Exercise, fever, anemia, early shock, thyroid T3 T4 excess, ATSo4, isuprel, anxiety will do what to
the heart rate?
INCREASED
Normal total body color of newborn?
Red-Pink
Bluish hands and feet of the newborn is called?
Acyanosis (Normal)
It Is a mild form of depression, depressed mood for at least 2 years.
Dysthymia
Preoccupation with self- without concern for external; reality, a self-made private world, lack of trust,
poor interpersonal relationship and language.
Autism
Maintained in normal ankle edema of pregnancy?
Na
- For patient that is too active, agitated and inactive catatonic.
Alteration of activity
- Praising every effort of patient is a form of?
Positive reinforcement and motivation.
Repetitive acts performed in a particular manner in response to obsession to prevent, bind, and
neutralize anxiety.
Compulsion
Increased in steroid therapy to prevent osteoporosis?
Ca
First sign of Menieres Disease or
endolymphatic hydrops
Vertigo (environment is swinging upside-
down)
Calkins sign, sudden gush of blood,
lengthening of cord
Signs of Impending placental delivery
reshaping or reconstructing a diseased joint.
arthroplasty
Limited during aldactone, dyrennium, amiloride therapy?
k
removal of an eyeball.
enucleation
crushing of a calculus (stone).
lithotripsy
immobilization of the spine by fusion (uniting) of two or more vertebrae.
spinal fusion
Needs vitamin D to promote absorption?
ca
Four servings during pregnancy for bones and teeth of fetus?
MILK (CALCIUM)
B12 is needed for normal RBC formation; also called?
COBALAMINE
What is the usual 1st sign of digitalis toxicity?
N. A. U. D., YELLOW VISION
Sources are milk, dairy products, dilis, sardines eaten with bone, and green leafy vegetable?
Ca
Found in oranges, bananas, grape fruit, dried fruits and legumes?
K
Found in dried fish, fermented fish, fish sauce, milk, eggs, canned and bottled food?
Na
Hormone thrombopoetin accelerates productions of what blood cells?
PLATELETS
Fluids that shrink body cell?
Hypertonic
Myeloid tissue is the other name for?
RED BONE MARROW
. Lymphocytes, monocytes are grouped as?
NON-GRANULOCYTES
Blood cell formation is termed?
ERYTHROPOESIS
Electrolyte imbalance that contribute to digitalis toxicity?
HYPOKALEMIA
Why are lasix and aldactine spironolactone are given at the same time?
RETAIN POTASSUIM
. What communicable disease suffered by a pregnant woman on her 1st trimester will cause cataract or
deafness?
Rubella, German measles
Psychosocial task to be achieved by an infant?
Trust
Leg cramps takes place in pregnancy if it is deficient?
Ca
Drug to prevent an alcoholic to take another sip of alcohol
Antabuse or Disulfiran
Fear of specific object or situation like claustrophobia – fear of closed places.
Simple phobia
First sign of wound infection
Redness
Tachycardia, high fever, delirium,
diarrhea,
Sign of Thyroid storm or Crisis
Plasma proteins needed to promote clotting?
FIBRINOGEN
Major food needed by the body for normal hemoglobin formation.
IRON
Common drug that is anti-platelet aggregator- meaning it prevents them from clumping together to
form a clot?
ASPIRIN
Surfactant Prevents?
Alveoli wall collapse
Leads to peaked or elevated T- wave if excessive?
Hyperkalemia
Normal respiratory effort of newborn?
Good strong cry
reconstruction of the tympanic membrane and middle ear structure.
tympanoplasty—
The best toy to stimulate sensory-motor development of young infant?
Musical Mobiles
Reduced in bedridden cases to prevent urolithiasis?
Ca
Sudden severe abdominal pain with or
without vaginal bleeding
First sign of Abruptio Placenta
It is the only “fluid” tissue?
BLOOD
. One day fever is only common after giving this vaccine?
DPT
Pin-point white sebaceous gland at the tip of the nose or chin of newborn?
Milia (Normal)
Social smile started at what age?
2 months
Posterior Iliac crest, sternum, anterior iliac crest are common sites for?
BONE MARROW BIOPSY OR ASPIRATION
Type of WBC that lacks visible cytoplasmic granules?
AGRANULOCYTES
Loss in prolonged steroid and heparin therapy?
Ca
Newborn will suffer esophageal atresia + TEF
Woman polyhydramnios
. Feeding article utilized after palatoplasy?
Paper cup (Side)
A subjective feeling of well being characterized by excessive feeling of assurance and confidence.
Euporia
Talking in a poetical way but words sounds the same – “HAAD, nomad, so sad“.
Clang association
excision of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination.
biopsy—
First sign of increase ICP
Change in the level of consciousness
Leads to sadism, masochism, dependency and obsessive – compulsive personality.
Disturbed anal stage or toddler food
Brain atrophy, decreased cerebral blood flow, increased ventricular – brain ratio.
Neurostructural theories of schizophrenia
What chart or instrument will help established visual acuity?
Snellen, EE–Chart
. Shotrness of breath, dyspnea on exertion, paroxysmal nocturnal dysnea, orthopnea, cough, fatigue,
tachycardia, insomnia, restless, gallop are signs of?
LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE
The agranulocytes are produced by the?
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Living blood cells, the formed elements are suspended in a non-living fluid matrix called?
PLASMA
Antidote to digitalis toxicity?
DIGIBIND, IMMUNE FAB
formation of a new passage between a ureter and the bladder.
ureteroneocystostomy—
First sign of Decubitus or Bedsore
formation
Redness that blanch under pressure
Article applied over the cheiloplasty site to reduce suture tension?
Logans Bow
Instrument that measures pulmonary artery pressure, PCWP- pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and
left ventricular pressure?
SWAN-GANZ CATHETER
Lack of B12 will lead to what disorder?
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Plasma proteins are the most abundant solutes of the blood; the biggest internal organ of the body
called makes most of it?
LIVER
Appropriate distance of patient from a microwave oven?
3-5 FEET
Dulling of lack of emotions, indifference, inability to be motivated, common in depression?
Apathy
Fear of being humiliated, scrutinized or embarrassed in public like while one will stumble while
dancing.
Social phobia
First sign of Multiple Myeloma
Persistent lower back pain
narrowing of a passage.
stenosis—
. Vital sign is regularly checked when patient is wearing a pacemaker?
PULSE RATE
Test to established pH of the blood?
ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS
Starts to rollover to his sides?
5 months (for safety precaution needed)
Drug to help amphetamine addicted persons to withdraw from it
Tofranil
incision of a lobe of an organ or gland.
lobotomy—
Sign that CVP line is patient?
WATER FLUCTUATION IN THE MANOMETER
Normal Heterosexual stage?
12-18 years
Post-coital bleeding and abnormal vaginal
discharge is a first sign of?
Cervical Cancer
graft from one species to another.
xenograft
PDA, patent foramen ovale, VSD, aortic, pulmonic valve stenosis, coartion of the aorta are under?
CONGENITAL ACYANOTIC
First sign of rertinitis Pigmentosa
Nyctalopia or night blindness
First sign of Primary Hypertension
Headache
Normal cardiac output per minute?
5 – 6 LITERS
Normal Muscle tone of newborn?
Well flexed
What to do in phobic cases
Desensitization, gradual flooding or exposure to feared object or exposure, after acceptance,
emphaty, understanding, non-critical judgmental.
It is called the “ River of Life”?
BLOOD
. When the pH of the blood is above 7.45, it is said to be?
ALKALOSIS
Largest of all the WBC with phagocytosis function?
MONOCYTES
I can control her with my thoughts
Delusion of influence .
Giddness, abdominal cramps, pallor, cold skin, and hypotension are s/s of what electrolyte imbalance
HYPERNATREMIA
Umbilical Vein will become what after birth?
Ligamentum Teres
complete loss of consciousness and sensation in the entire body (given by inhalation
or IV).
anesthesia, general—
indicates something that has its origin within an individual’s body.
autologous—
Sudden Noise or jarring of newborn scribe will produced what reflex?
Moro
. Common vector-borne disease that lowers platelet count of the body?
DENGUE
Procedure to establish pHl of the blood, PO2, PCO2, blood levels?
ABG
First reaction to hospitalization by a
child
Protest
excision of a widened area of the aortic wall.
aneurysmectomy
Feeding technique or article utilized after cheiloplasty?
Rubber tipped asepto Syringe
Smoking during pregnancy will lead to primarily to?
Low birth weight
Most important to score in APGAR?
Heart rate (110-160)
What is the major action of digitalis in CHF?
INCREASE HEART CONTRACTILITY
The usual first sign of anemia?
EASY FATIGABILITY
The normal pH of the blood is between?
7.35-7.45
Normal reflexes of newborn?
Good strong cry, sneeze
repair of the junction of the ureter and pelvis of the kidney.
UPJ repair or ureteropelvioplasty—
Diabetic ketoacidosis or Diabetic coma
mainly due to lack of Insulin
Thirst
No BP, no PR, no RR, patient is unconscious or comatose, this is?
CARDIAC ARREST, ASYSTOLE
Silverman Anderson scoring system is for what?
Newborn Respiratory
It is inability to experience pleasurable things or situation?
Anhedonia
The color of the skin in anemia?
PALE- PALLOR
The formed elements of the blood are expressed in a laboratory test called?
HEMATOCRIT
Disturbance of the ego, fragile, poor ego, developmental problems according to Erikson and Sullivan.
Psychodynamic theories of schizophrenia
(pulmonary artery) constriction of the pulmonary artery to decrease blood flow to the lungs.
banding
anastomosis of the ascending aorta and the right pulmonary artery.
Waterson shunt—
The universal donor?
TYPE “O”
Atelectasis means?
Alveoli or Lung collapse
Excessive bleeding of cord stump
Sign of Hemophilia to a newborn
Tetralogy of fallot, tricuspid atresia, dextroposition of great vessels (Aorta, Pulmonary artery) are
under?
CONGENITAL CYANOTIC
surgical removal of the end of the prepuce of the penis.
circumcision—
Start of fear of separation?
1 year old
Drug to help cocaine addicted person to withdraw from it gradually.
Tofranil
What is the action of digitalis in relation to control of HR?
LOWERS IT TO NORMAL
It is produced in the adrenal cortex, suppressed in non- endogenous type of depression; and normal
person after injection of dexamethasone (steroids)
Cortisol
First sign of what disease, Painless thyroid nodule
Thyroid Cancer
The most common sites of CVP line insertion are the subclavian, internal and external jugular, median
basilic, position of the patient during insertion?
TRENDELENBURG TO PREVENT EMBOLISM
Average normal number of WBC in the blood?
5,000- 10,000/ CUMM BLOOD
The 55% of whole blood is made up of?
PLASMA
. ATSO4, isuprel-isoproterenol, what does it do to heart rate?
INCREASES
Common in marijuana, LSD users, delirium, withdrawal from alcohol, Schizophrenia, at times in
manic or depression.
Hallucination
nurse who works outside the sterile field of the operating room.
circulating nurse—
Elevated and parasitism, allergic reaction, antigen-antibody complexes?
EOSINOPHIL
. Newborn with kidney agenesis?
Women oligohydramnios
Average count is 0-0.5% of the WBC?
BASOPHILS
Scaphoid abdomen of the newborn, suspect what?
Diaphragmatic hernia
What is lost by the myocardium of the heart that leads to CHF?
CONTRACTILE POWER
Artificial way to return the electrical activity of the heart?
PACEMAKER
Average amniotic fluid?
1,000 c
A state of extreme, excitement, euphoria, accelerated physical and mental activity.
Mania
. Recurrent, persistent thoughts, ideas impulses, images that are experienced as senseless, intrusive,
product of his mind but he can’t stop or forget.
Obsession
Used of this could cause Pocomelia, Amelia of the newborn?
Thalidomides
Tetralogy of Fallot, Tricuspid atresia, dextroposition of the great vessels are defects called?
Congenital cyanotic Heart disease
OPV and Measles Vaccine are very sensitive to what?
Heat exposure
Automatic repetition of action seen by a patient.
Echopraxia
Motiveless resistance of all instructions or attempts to be moved.
Catatonic negativism
Fear of being in open or public places where escape could be difficult; example is person should faint.
Agoraphobia
Excessive RBC and total hematocrit of the blood leads to?
POLYCYTHEMIA VERA
Lack of oxygen initially produces what skin color?
PALLOR LATER CYANOSIS
Plasma proteins needed to protect the body against infection?
GLOBULINS
What is the average amount of RBC in the body?
5 Million / CUMM BLOOD
B9 is needed for normal RBC formation; also called?
FOLACIN
The universal recipient?
TYPE “AB”
Type of WBC that contains granules that stains with Wright’s stain?
GRANULOCYTES
Platelets function is to stop?
BLEEDING
Vital sign to be checked before repeating the dose of digitalis?
HEART RATE
Electrolyte to augment or increase while on lasix therapy?
POTASSIUM
. Procedure that measures venous return, right atrium pressure of the heart?
CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE
Cranial nerve that influence the HR?
VAGUS NERVE
FHT is very audible with the stethoscope at the age of?
5 MONTHS
Silverman Anderson score of 10 means?
Severe Respiratory Distress
What is the normal visual acuity of a person?
20/20, Blind- 20/200
Umbilical Stump will normally fail-off after how many days?
7-14 days
It is a mood swings between hypomania and dysthymia.
Cyclothymia
When pH of the blood is below 7.35, the blood is?
ACIDOSIS
What is the other name of white blood cells?
LEUKOCYTES
Another term for bleeding?
HEMORRHAGE
What happen to cardiac output in the use of digitalis?
INCREASED
Lifting a fold of the skin will establish what?
TURGOR
Normal CVP reading?
5-10 CM, H2O
Peaked T- wave is what electrolyte imbalance?
HYPERKALEMIA
Use of this medication in pregnancy leads to cretinism?
PTU- Tapazole
How do you introduce different food items to the infant?
1 week at a time
Loss of ability to comprehend, talk or express speech.
Aphasia
. Hallucinations, illusions, and paranoid thinking are?
Alteration in perception
Best position in bed for patientc with CHF?
FOWLERS
Exercising patient’s leg, elevation, used of jobst stocking will prevent what?
THROMBOPHLEBITIS
. When PR interval is delayed more than 0-20 seconds, this is what type of heart block?
1st DEGREE
APGAR scoring is usually done how many times?
Twice-2X
A Condition of being disquiet, restless, malaise.
Dysporia
Absence of energy.
Anergia
To deal for this kind of disorder is to do not agree or disagree, just voice your doubt and present
reality.
Delusions
What to do to make sure patient swallows his drug completely.
Checking or Hoarding of drugs
What is the other name for Red Blood Cells?
ERYTHROCYTES
Major danger of too much blood viscosiy?
CLOT FORMATION, INCREASE BLOOD PRESSURE
They are cell in the strict sense but fragments of multinucleate cells called?
PLATELETS
Do all bones produces blood?
NO
Nutrients needed to prevent digitalis toxicity?
POTASSIUM
Aside from color, what to do on the skin to check for edema?
LIFT A FOLD OF SKIN
RBC is mainly destroyed in these two major reticulo-endothelial systems?
LIVER, SPLEEN
Definition of cardiac output?
STROKE VOLUME X HR / MINUTE
For restlessness, Insomnia, this drug could be given in small amount to prevent respiratory depression?
VALIUM
CVP line tip is usually placed where?
RIGHT ATRIUM
APGAR scoring is for what?
Newborn adaptation or adjustment
No nasal opening; newborn mouth breather?
Choanal Atresia
All elements of RBC, WBC, and platelets are arise from a common stem cell called?
HEMOCYTOBLAST
Decreased WBC is termed?
LEUKOPENIA
Do all bones produces blood?
NO
The capability of the WBC’s to ingest or engulf bacteria?
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Average amniotic fluid?
1,000 c
PDA, Patent foramen ovale, VSD, Coarctation of the aorta, aortic valve stenosis, pulmonic valve
stenosis are called?
Congenital cyanotic Heart disease
Reaction to external stressors like lost of love one, limb, and life.
Exogenous depression
. Drug to help alcoholics withdraw gradually from alcohol (3-5 days)
Librium or Valium.
