prologue (what is psychology) Flashcards
psychology
scientific discipline
study of the mind
study of behaviour and influential factors
behaviour
observable actioins
mental states
critical thinking
curiosity, skepticism and humilty
curiosty
ask “why”
when put to the test can predictions be confirmed
skeptisim
show me the edviemce
reuires a balance not be too cynical or gullible
humility
open mindedness
willingness to accept being wrong and follow new ideas
perspectives on behaviour
biological, sociocultural, cognitive, psychodynamic, behavioural and humanistic
cognitive persepctive
how mental processes influence our emotions/behaviour
memory/problem solving, perception, intelligence, opinion, planning
how info is combined/organized
wilhelm wundut (1832-1920)
“father of psychology”
first experimental lab
structuralism
cogntiive perspective
structuralism
assembling the mind from simple elements
edward titchener
student of wundet
introsecption
cogntivie perspective
introsecption
describe inner experiences
william james (1842-1910)
“father of american pychology”
first textbook (princples of psychology)
functionalism
cogneitive perspective
functionalism
evolved function of though/behaviour
how mental processes help us survive
psyschodynamic perpective
sigmung freud (1856-1939)
sigmung freud
unconsicoius processes and inner conflicts effect behaviours
medical doctor who saw hysteria and believed it was unconcious process and was a repression of soemthing caused a physical disorder
used hyponosis, dream analysis and the freudian slip
biological perspective
behaviour stems from our physiology studies the role of brain structures/functions biochemical processes genetics
evolutionary psychology
role of evolution and natural selection
charles darwin
neuroscience
body/brain influence behaviours
humanistic perspective
concious motives, freedo and choice
adraham masclow
hiearchy of need
self-auctualization
focus on self growth and reaching potential
supportive and reaching potential enironement
humanistic perspective
carl rogers
unconditional postive regard
humanitic perspective
positive psychology
good meaninful life
behaviourism perspective
extental enironement affects our behaviour
learning=reward and punishment
observable behaviour
ivan paulov
involuntary learninh
external eniornment (dwight/jim with the candy and noise)
behaviorist perspective
john watson
operant conditioning
reward/punishment
behaviorism
BF skinner
reinforcement and punishment
animal studies
behaviourism
sociaal-cultural perspective
culture influences our mental processes
values/beliefs/behaviours/traditions
indiviualism vs collectivism
individualism
emphaise on personal goals
self identity base on ones own attriubutes/achvmients
north america/europe
collectivism
individual goals suboridnate to groupo
perosnal identity defined by ties to family
asia, south america, africa
personality
investagate persistant traits/characteritstics
community
help create social/physical enironmeny for healthy people
emprical approch
an evidence-based method that draws on observation and experimentation
