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PSYC 1100 > chapter seven (operant/classical conditioning) > Flashcards

chapter seven (operant/classical conditioning) Flashcards

1
Q

learning

A

relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience

change not due to innate responses or maturation

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2
Q

association learning

A

learning that two events occur together
two stimulus
a response and its conquences

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3
Q

classical conditioning

A

we learn to associate two stimuli

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4
Q

ivan povlov (1849-1936)

A

russian physician/neurophysiologist

nobel bell in 1904

studied digestive secretions

dwight/jim

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5
Q

unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

A

stimulus that unconditionally -automatically and naturally- triggers a response

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6
Q

unconditioned response (UCR)

A

not learned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus

salivation when food is in the mouth

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7
Q

extinction

A

diminishing of a CR

in classical conditioning, when a USC does not follower a CS

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8
Q

spontantous recovery

A

reappearance of CR after a period of extincntion

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9
Q

spontaneous generalization

A

tendency for stimuli similar to CS to elicit a CR

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10
Q

discrimination

A

only the CS causes the CR

eg. smell of tuna has no effect, but smell of salmon causes feeling of sickness

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11
Q

law of effect

A

behvaiour followed by favourable consquencese (reward) become more likely

behaviour followed by unfavourable consquences (punishment) become less likely

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12
Q

operant conditioning

A

type of learning in which behaviour is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment

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13
Q

reinforcer

A

any event that strengthens the behaviour it follows(reward)

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14
Q

shaping

A

reinforcers guide behaviour toward successive approximations of a desired goal or behaviour

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15
Q

B.F skinner (1904-1990)

A

elaborated thorndike’s law of effect

developed behvaioural technology

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16
Q

Skinner Box (operant chamber)

A

chamber with a bar or key that an animal manipulates to obtain a food or water reinforcer

contains devices to record responses

17
Q

primary reinforcer

A

innately reinforcing stimulis

eg. food

18
Q

conditioned reinforcer

A

stimulus gains its reinforcing power through it’s association with primary reinforcer
eg. money or good grade

19
Q

positive reinforcement

A

add a positive stimulus (a hug)

20
Q

negitive reinforcement

A

remove aversive stimulus (seatbelt turn off, buzzing stops)

21
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

reinforce the desried reponse everytime it occurs

inital learning is rapid

extiniction occurs quickly

22
Q

partial (intermittent) reinforcement

A

reinforcing a response only part of the time

results in slower acquistion

greater resistance to extinction

23
Q

fixed reinforcement

A

reinforcement is predictable

24
Q

varible reinforcement

A

reinforcement is unpredictable

25
Q

ratio reinforcement

A

the desired behvaiour must be completed to recieve the reinforcement

26
Q

interval reinforcement

A

reinforcement occurs after a certain amount of time. is not dependent on the behvaiour occuring

27
Q

fixed ratio reinforcement

A

reinforces a response only after a specified # of response (eg. every 10 trails)

faster you repsond the more rewards you get

different ratios

very high rate of responding

like piecework pay

28
Q

fixed interval reinforcement

A

reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

eg. every 15 minutes

reponse occurs, more frequently as the anticipated time for reward draws near

29
Q

variable ratio reinforcement

A

reinforces a response after a unpredictable number of responses

eg. gambling, fishing

30
Q

variable interval reinforcement

A

reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

produces slow steady responding

like pop quiz

31
Q

punishment

A

aversive event that decreases the behvaiour that it follows

powerful controller of unwanted behvaiour

opposite of reinforcement

can have negitive side effects

32
Q

postitive punishment

A

administer an averse stimulus

eg. spanking/parking ticket

33
Q

observational learning

A

method of learning that consists of observing and modeling another individual’s behavior, attitudes, or emotional expressions

34
Q

negative punishmetn

A

In the case of negative punishment, it involves taking something good or desirable away to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior.

take kids phone away when bad

35
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

he conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.

36
Q

acquistion

A

the learning or developing of a skill, habit, or quality

37
Q

conditioned response

A

the conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. … The previously neutral stimulus will then evoke the response all on its own. At this point, the response becomes known as the conditioned response

PSYC 1100 (7 decks)

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