chapter two (biology of the mind)

Question 1

neural basis of behaviour

Answer 1

neural communication
nervous system
the brain

Question 2

neurons

Answer 2

conducting cells of the nervous system

Question 3

cell body

Answer 3

contains genetic info

Question 4

dentrites

Answer 4

recieves info

Question 5

axon

Answer 5

conducts electrical impulses

Question 6

neuron ‘on’

Answer 6

exictatory transmitter

action potetnial +40mV

Question 7

neuron ‘off’

Answer 7

inhibitory transmitters

reesting potential -70mV

Question 8

synapse

Answer 8

junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite of the recieving neuron

Question 9

neauron transmitters

Answer 9

chemical signals carry messgags across synapse , can excite or inhibit the post synaptic neuron

Question 10

resting potential

Answer 10

-70mV, more positive (Na+) ions outside, more negitive ions inside

Question 11

action potential

Answer 11

nerve impulse

brief electrical charge

depolarization: changr in voltagr -70mV to 40mV (Na+ ions flow in)

Question 12

thershold

Answer 12

level of stimulsis needed to cause action poential, all or nothing response, -65mV

Question 13

Nervous system sections

Answer 13

central (brain/spine)

peripheral
autonomic somatic
symapthic, parasymathic

Question 14

peripheral NS

Answer 14

connects CNS with muscles, glands and receptors

Question 15

somatic NS

Answer 15

sensory and motor neurons bind to create nerves

transmit messages to sensory receptors

control

Question 16

autonomic NS

Answer 16

controls glands and smooth musucles in body organs

autonomic responses

has parasymapthic and sympathic NS

Question 17

sympathic

Answer 17

arouses (flight of fight)

Question 18

parasymapthic

Answer 18

slows body down

Question 19

brain

Answer 19

3 lbs, 2% of Bw, uses 20% of O2

metabolic rate reamins constannt

serveral structures, voluntary and involuntary behaviour

two hemipheres

Question 20

brain stem

Answer 20

contains medulla, pons, reticular/activating system(RAS)

Question 21

medulla

Answer 21

controls heart rate and resouration

throughfare for sensory information

motor nerve tracts cross over

Question 22

pons

Answer 22

responsable for sleeping/dream

damage can causes comas

Question 23

reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 23

sens info to higher cenres

higher centres admit or block sensory input

Question 24

cerebellum

Answer 24

muscule coordinarion (reflecive and automatic)

balance

movement, learning and memory on how to do things

Question 25

tha;amus

Answer 25

routes sensory information to appropriate place eg. visual goes to visual centre; aidiotry to auditory centres

Question 26

hypothalamus

Answer 26

major role in contrlling biological drives sexual behvaiour, eating drinking damage can disprut all these behaviours involved in reward and pleasure

Question 27

limic system

Answer 27

continas hippcampus, amygdala

Question 28

hippocampus

Answer 28

forming and retrieving memory

Question 29

amygdala

Answer 29

organizes emtional responses espeicallt those linked to aggression/fear emotional memory

Question 30

cerebral cortex - the crown

Answer 30

2/3cm sheet of grey (unmyelinated cells) 75% of area within fissures (folds) provides landamrks fro dividing cortec into areas four lobes

Question 31

frontal

Answer 31

speech and skeletal motor functions, planning and judgement contians prefrontal cortex and motor cortex abd brocas area

Question 32

prefrontal cortex

Answer 32

seat of executive functions goal setting, judgemnet, planning , responsibility

Question 33

motor cortex

Answer 33

controls movememnt on opposite side controls movememnt voluntary musuclies located at rear of frontal lobe

Question 34

pariental lobe

Answer 34

body sensations

Question 35

pariental lobe

Answer 35

body sensations contains snesory cortex

Question 36

sensory cortex

Answer 36

reieves sesnory info from opposite side of body at least oone specific area for each sense

Question 37

occupital lobe

Answer 37

vision continas visual processing

Question 38

visual processing

Answer 38

basic visual sensory info mapping of visual world colour, size, deoth, distance

Question 39

temporal lobe

Answer 39

auditory and language contains, auditory processings and wernickes area

Question 40

auditory processing

Answer 40

process audiotry information sounds both natural/articial language processings (wernickes area)

Question 41

wernickes area

Answer 41

comprehension

Question 42

brocas area

Answer 42

word production

Question 43

corpus callosum

Answer 43

contects two hemispheres together