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AP Pyschology > Prologue Terms > Flashcards

Prologue Terms Flashcards

0
Q

Plato

A

Student of Socrates; the mind is separate from the body; knowledge is innate

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

Socrates

A

The mind and body are separate; knowledge is innate

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3
Q

Aristotle

A

The soul is not separate from the body; knowledge is not preexisting (it grows from our experiences and memories)

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4
Q

Descartes

A

“Father of Modern Philosophy”; abnormal behavior caused by abnormalities in the brain; mind and body are separate; knowledge is innate; dissected animals and found “animal spirits”

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5
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Introduced the scientific method (drawing knowledge from experimentation and observation); common sense judgement

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6
Q

John Locke

A

Theory of Tabula Rasa; humans are born a blank slate; formed modern empiricism

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7
Q

Empiricism

A

The view that knowledge originates in experiences and that science should rely on observation and experiments

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8
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Opened the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany; experiment about the lag between sound and action

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9
Q

Structuralism

A

An early school of psychology that used introspection (self reflection) to explore the structural elements of the human mind

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10
Q

Edward Titchener

A

Brought structuralism to the US and opened first US psychology laboratory at Cornell University

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11
Q

Introspection

A

Looking inward (report experiences when using senses)

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12
Q

Functionalism

A

A school of psychology that focuses on how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable organisms to adapt, survive, and flourish

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13
Q

William James

A

One of the first US psychologists; developed functionalism; ideas from Charles Darwin about natural selection; wrote “Principles of Psychology”

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14
Q

Mary Calkins

A

Student of James; pioneer in memory research; first female president of the APA

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15
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

First female to receive a PhD in psychology; synthesized animal behavior in “The Animal Mind”

16
Q

Humanistic Psychology/ Perspective

A

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; self actualization; how to reach full potential of self

17
Q

Nature- Nurture Issue

A

Nature- Plato and Descartes
Nurture- Aristotle and Locke
Continuing issue today

18
Q

Natural Selection

A

Charles Darwin- nature selects those most able to survive and reproduce

19
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

Different outlooks (biological, psychological, and social cultural)

20
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one’s genes

21
Q

Behavior Genetics Perspective

A

How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences

22
Q

Neuroscience Perspective

A

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

23
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective (Pyschoanalytic)

A

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

24
Q

Behavioral Perspective (Behaviorism)

A

How we learn observable responses; how organisms learn or modify their behavior

25
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

How we encode, process, store and retrieve information and how that influences our behavior

26
Q

Social- Cultural Perspective (Sociocultural)

A

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures; how culture and social groups affect behavior

27
Q

Basic Research

A

Builds psychology’s knowledge base- pure science

28
Q

Applied Research

A

Take on practical problems

29
Q

Biological Psychologist

A

Explore the link between brain and mind

30
Q

Developmental Psychologist

A

Study changing abilities from womb to tomb

31
Q

Cognitive Psychologist

A

Experiment with how we perceive, think, and solve problems

32
Q

Personality Psychologist

A

Investigation on our persistent traits

33
Q

Social Psychologist

A

Explore how we view and affect each other

34
Q

Counseling Psychologist

A

Help people cope with challenges (academic, vocational and marital) to achieve greater well being

35
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

Assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

36
Q

Psychiatry

A

Medical doctors licensed to prescribe drugs, and otherwise treat physical causes of psychological disorders as well as psychological therapy

AP Pyschology (9 decks)

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