Prolactin

Question 1

Prolactin and lactation:
Secretion begins around week __ of pregnancy
High levels of _________ prevent _______ during pregnancy.
After parturition (birth), there is a sharp drop in hormone levels, prolactin begins to cause ______.
prolactin secretion becomes pulsatile, stimulated by ______, returning to baseline between nursing cycles

Answer 1

5
estrogen/progesterone, lactation
lactation
suckling

Question 2

Control of Prolactin Secretion:
hypothalamic control of prolactin secretion is negative by ______.
Hyperprolactinemia suppresses the ______ and can result in disruption of ________ and _________.
Prolactin receptor is identical to _______ and uses same signaling pathway.
___ has lactogenic activity by activating prolactin R, but not the opposite.

Answer 2

dopamine
hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal HPG axis, menstrual cycle, infertility
GHR
GH

Question 3

Target genes by which prolactin induces mammary development, include those encoding _________.

Answer 3

milk proteins

Question 4

Signal transduction pathways are initiated by activation of the prolactin receptor. The Jak/STAT pathway has members of the signal transducer and activators of transcription. Which STAT proteins are the central transducer molecules of the signal transduction pathways initiated by prolactin R activation?

Answer 4

STAT1,3,5a, and 5b

Question 5

Regulation of prolactin secretion:
Prolactin secretion is paced by a ______________, which is modified by environmental input. The final common pathways of the central stimulatory and inhibitory control of prolactin secretion are the _______________ producing prolactin inhibiting factors such as _________, __________, and ___________, or prolactin releasing factors such as ____________, ____________, and __________

Answer 5

light-entrained circadian rhythm
neuroendocrine neurons
dopamine, somatostatin, GABA
thyrotropin releasing factors, oxytocin, neurotensin

Question 6

Direct effects of NTs, neuromodulators, and peripheral hormones on the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic system (TIDA):
The inhibitory agents will promote a(n) _________ of prolactin secretion as a result of diminishing TIDA activity. on the other hand, the stimulatory neurotransmitters and __________ will tend to ________ prolactin secretion as a result of _________ output of TIDA neurons.

Answer 6

increase, progesterone, decrease, increasing

Question 7

Bromocriptine:
Drug class?
use?

Answer 7

D2 receptor agonist
T2DM, parkinson’s, acromegaly, and pituitary prolactinomas

Question 8

Placental Lactogen (human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS)):
Stimulates ______ and __________ like GH
Stimulates ______ secretion by placenta
Excessive secretion of HCS is most likely the cause of _____________
HCS alters the mother’s metabolism to favor _____________

Answer 8

lipolysis, gluconeogenesis
IGF2
gestational diaebetes
fetal nutrition