Prokaryotic Micro Exam 1

Question 1

classification

What does “ Does Katrina puts cats on funny green sofas” stand for?

Answer 1

D- domain ( archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes)
K- kingdom
P- phylum
C- class
O- order
F- family
G- genus
S- species

Question 2

cell envelope

what is the cell envelope?

Answer 2

external covering outside the cytoplasm

Question 3

cell envelope

what is the cell envelope composed of?

Answer 3

cell membrane and cell walls

Question 4

cell envelope

gram positive

pentration? thin or thick?

Answer 4

thick cell wall, and has a periplasmic space between the cell membrane and wall, more penetrable

Question 5

cell envelope

gram negative

penetration? thick or thin?

Answer 5

thin layer, outer layer contains lipopolysaccharides, and less pentrable

Question 6

cell membrane stricture

what is the cell membrane composed of?

Answer 6

a phospholipid bilayer, with embedded proteins

Question 7

cell membrane structure

what is the purpose of the cell membrane?

energy?

Answer 7

• providing site for energy reactions
• nutrients and processing
• synthesis
• selectively permeable

Question 8

cell wall structure

what is the purpose of the cell wall?

Answer 8

• determines cell shape
• prevents lysis due to changing osmotic pressure
• peptidoglycan

Question 9

gram stain

what color is gram positive?

Answer 9

purple

Question 10

gram stain

what color is gram negative ?

Answer 10

redish pink

Question 11

gram stain

what makes gram positive purple?

Answer 11

crystal violet dye

Question 12

gram stain

what makes gram negative a redish pink color?

Answer 12

counterstain safranin

Question 13

gram stain

what are the steps in a gram stain?

4 steps

Answer 13

step 1) crystal violet (primary dye)
step 2) grams iodine (mordant)
step 3) decolorizer (alcohol)
step 4) safranin (counter stain)

Question 14

bateria structure

what does a bacteria structure consist of?

c, N, P, R, F+P, C+CW+CM

Answer 14

• cytoplasm
• nucleiod
• plasmid
• ribosomes
• flagellum and pilli
• cell wall, membrane and capsule

Question 15

bacteria structure

cytoplasm

Answer 15

• dense gelatinous solution of sugars, amino acids, salts
• 70- 80% water
• serves as a solvent for materials used

Question 16

bacteria structure

nucleiod

Answer 16

hold the DNA ( chromsomes) that contains genetic information

Question 17

bacteria structure

plasmid

Answer 17

• free small circular double stranded DNA
• used in genetic engineering
• readily manipluated and transferred from cell to cell

Question 18

bacteria structure

ribosomes

Answer 18

• made 60% ribsomal RNA and 40% protien
• smaller and less amounts than human ribsomes
  -found in all cells

Question 19

bacteria structure

inclusions and granules

Answer 19

• intercellular nutrients storage area
• used when envoirmental sources are depleted

Question 20

bacteria structures

flagella

Answer 20

• used for mobility

Question 21

bacteria sctructures

pilli

Answer 21

• used to attach to ither bacteria
• found only in gram negative cells
• DNA transfer through conjugation

Question 22

bacteria structure

fimbriae

Answer 22

• used to attach to host cells
• hair like bristles emerging from cell surface

Question 23

bacteria structure

glycocalyx

Answer 23

• slimy surface coating used for attaching
• protects from cells dehydration and nutrient loss

Question 24

flagella

monotrichous

Answer 24

Single for flagellum on one end

Question 25

Flagella

lophotrichous

Answer 25

small bunches emerging from the same site

Question 26

flagella

peritrichous

Answer 26

dispersed over surface of the cell

Question 27

bacterial internal structures

what are endospores?

definition? active? resistance?

Answer 27

• inert resting cells produced by some G+ genera: clostridium, bacillus, sporosarcina
• dehydrated and metabolically and active
• resistant to ordinary cleaning methods
• longevity verges on immortality

Question 28

bacterial internal structure

what are the two life cycles of endospores?

VC and E

Answer 28

1) vegetative cell- metabolically active and growing
2) endospore- when exposed to adverse environment conditions capable of high resistance and very long-term survival

Question 29

bacterial internal structure

what is sporulation?

Answer 29

it is the formation of endospores, it can withstand extremes like heat drying freezing radiation and chemicals

Question 30

bacterial internal structure

what is germination?

Answer 30

when it returns to its vegetative growth

Question 31

bacterial classification

what is a coccus?

couscous

Answer 31

a spherical shaped bacteria

Question 32

bacterial classification

what is a bacillus?

bat

Answer 32

A rod shaped bacteria

Question 33

Bacterial classification

what is a coccobacillus?

oompa loompah

Answer 33

A very short and plump bacteria

Question 34

bacterial classification

what is a vibrio?

Answer 34

A gently curved bacteria

Question 35

bacterial classification

what is a spirillum?

Answer 35

a helical twisted rod

Question 36

bacterial classification

what is a spirochete?

Answer 36

a springlike shaped bacteria

Question 37

bacterial classification (cocci)

what are the different arrangements of cocci?

S, D, T, I, C, SC

Answer 37

• Singles (1)
• Diplo (2)
• tetrads (4)
• irregular
• chain, strepto
• Sarcina (cubical)

Question 38

bacteria classification ( Bacilli)

what are the possibl arrangements of bacilli?

D, S, P

Answer 38

• Diplo (2)
  -chains, strepto
• palisades