Prokaryotic Micro Exam 1 Flashcards
classification
What does “ Does Katrina puts cats on funny green sofas” stand for?
D- domain ( archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes)
K- kingdom
P- phylum
C- class
O- order
F- family
G- genus
S- species
cell envelope
what is the cell envelope?
external covering outside the cytoplasm
cell envelope
what is the cell envelope composed of?
cell membrane and cell walls
cell envelope
gram positive
pentration? thin or thick?
thick cell wall, and has a periplasmic space between the cell membrane and wall, more penetrable
cell envelope
gram negative
penetration? thick or thin?
thin layer, outer layer contains lipopolysaccharides, and less pentrable
cell membrane stricture
what is the cell membrane composed of?
a phospholipid bilayer, with embedded proteins
cell membrane structure
what is the purpose of the cell membrane?
energy?
- providing site for energy reactions
- nutrients and processing
- synthesis
- selectively permeable
cell wall structure
what is the purpose of the cell wall?
- determines cell shape
- prevents lysis due to changing osmotic pressure
- peptidoglycan
gram stain
what color is gram positive?
purple
gram stain
what color is gram negative ?
redish pink
gram stain
what makes gram positive purple?
crystal violet dye
gram stain
what makes gram negative a redish pink color?
counterstain safranin
gram stain
what are the steps in a gram stain?
4 steps
step 1) crystal violet (primary dye)
step 2) grams iodine (mordant)
step 3) decolorizer (alcohol)
step 4) safranin (counter stain)
bateria structure
what does a bacteria structure consist of?
c, N, P, R, F+P, C+CW+CM
- cytoplasm
- nucleiod
- plasmid
- ribosomes
- flagellum and pilli
- cell wall, membrane and capsule
bacteria structure
cytoplasm
- dense gelatinous solution of sugars, amino acids, salts
- 70- 80% water
- serves as a solvent for materials used
bacteria structure
nucleiod
hold the DNA ( chromsomes) that contains genetic information
bacteria structure
plasmid
- free small circular double stranded DNA
- used in genetic engineering
- readily manipluated and transferred from cell to cell
bacteria structure
ribosomes
- made 60% ribsomal RNA and 40% protien
- smaller and less amounts than human ribsomes
-found in all cells
bacteria structure
inclusions and granules
- intercellular nutrients storage area
- used when envoirmental sources are depleted
bacteria structures
flagella
- used for mobility
bacteria sctructures
pilli
- used to attach to ither bacteria
- found only in gram negative cells
- DNA transfer through conjugation
bacteria structure
fimbriae
- used to attach to host cells
- hair like bristles emerging from cell surface
bacteria structure
glycocalyx
- slimy surface coating used for attaching
- protects from cells dehydration and nutrient loss
flagella
monotrichous
Single for flagellum on one end
Flagella
lophotrichous
small bunches emerging from the same site
flagella
peritrichous
dispersed over surface of the cell
bacterial internal structures
what are endospores?
definition? active? resistance?
- inert resting cells produced by some G+ genera: clostridium, bacillus, sporosarcina
- dehydrated and metabolically and active
- resistant to ordinary cleaning methods
- longevity verges on immortality
bacterial internal structure
what are the two life cycles of endospores?
VC and E
1) vegetative cell- metabolically active and growing
2) endospore- when exposed to adverse environment conditions capable of high resistance and very long-term survival
bacterial internal structure
what is sporulation?
it is the formation of endospores, it can withstand extremes like heat drying freezing radiation and chemicals
bacterial internal structure
what is germination?
when it returns to its vegetative growth
bacterial classification
what is a coccus?
couscous
a spherical shaped bacteria
bacterial classification
what is a bacillus?
bat
A rod shaped bacteria
Bacterial classification
what is a coccobacillus?
oompa loompah
A very short and plump bacteria
bacterial classification
what is a vibrio?
A gently curved bacteria
bacterial classification
what is a spirillum?
a helical twisted rod
bacterial classification
what is a spirochete?
a springlike shaped bacteria
bacterial classification (cocci)
what are the different arrangements of cocci?
S, D, T, I, C, SC
- Singles (1)
- Diplo (2)
- tetrads (4)
- irregular
- chain, strepto
- Sarcina (cubical)
bacteria classification ( Bacilli)
what are the possibl arrangements of bacilli?
D, S, P
- Diplo (2)
-chains, strepto - palisades
