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Microbiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal flora….

A

during and immediately after birth.

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2
Q

Virulence factors include all the following

A
  • capsules
  • exoenzymes
  • endotoxins
  • exotoxins
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3
Q

STORCH is an acronym that represents…..?

syphilis, toxoplasmosis, other diseases, rubella, cytomegalovirus,herpes

A

infections of the fetus and neonate.

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4
Q

Microbial hyaluronidase, coagulase, and streptokinase are examples of?

A

exoenzymes

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5
Q

what are exotoxins?

A

lipopolysaccharides

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6
Q

what organ do the enterotoxins target?

A

intestines

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7
Q

what are the processes of infectious disease?

P1) IP, P2) PS, P3) PI, P4) CP

A

phase 1) incubation period
phase 2) prodromal stage
phase 3) period of invasion
phase 4) convalescent period

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8
Q

what is incubation period

phase 1

A

intital contact until apprerance of first syptoms, it is multiplying but not enough for damage
several hours —–> several days

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9
Q

what is prodromal period?

phase 2

A

vague feelings of discomfort but no complaints

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10
Q

what is period of invasion?

phase 3

A

multiplies at high levels and has more specific signs and syptoms

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11
Q

what is convalescent period?

phase 4

A

the immune system begins to respond to infection and syptoms decline

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12
Q

The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen at peak activity is called the?

A

period of invasion

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13
Q

The time from when pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear is the?

A

incubation period

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14
Q

The initial, brief period of early, general symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches is the

A

prodromal stage

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15
Q

what is the subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient called?

A

symptoms

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16
Q

what is the objective, measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer called?

A

signs

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17
Q

what is a disease that has a steady frequency over time in a population called?

A

endemic

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18
Q

what is the primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it persists called?

A

reservoir

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19
Q

what is an animal that transmits a pathogen from one host to another called?

A

vector

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20
Q

what is an inanimate object that harbors and transmits a pathogen called?

A

fomite

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21
Q

what is resident flora?

A

microbes that exist in mutual association w/ humans

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22
Q

what is transient flora?

A

microbes that cause infection sites that harbour normal residents

penis, mouth, colon, eye lids, lashes etc.

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23
Q

where are areas in the body that are sterile?

A
  • uterus
  • internal eye
  • brain and spinal cord
  • liver
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24
Q

Adhesive pili, exotoxins, and capsules are all examples of

A

virulence factors

25
Q

where are resident microbiota found?

s, m, li, np

A
  • skin
  • mouth
  • nasal passages
  • large instestines
26
Q

Someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is called a?

A

carrier

27
Q

what are the diffrent portals of entry?

EX, EN

A
  • exogenus
  • endogenus
28
Q

what are exogenus agents?

A

orginate from sources outside the body

29
Q

what is a endogenus agents?

A

normal flora

30
Q

what are the specfic portals of entry?

s, R, GI, UG

A

skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital

31
Q

what are the two bacterial toxins?

A
  • endotoxins
  • exotoxins
32
Q

what is an endotoxin?

A

a toxin composed of part of the outer membrane that have gram neg cell walls

33
Q

what are the syptoms of endotoxin?

A

fever, aches, shock

34
Q

what is exotoxins?

A

secreted by living bacterial cells and disrupts the membrane

35
Q

what is toxemia?

A

toxins spread through the blood
- tetanus
- diptheria

36
Q

rabbits and rodents are resvoirs for what agent?

A

tularemia

37
Q

what are the characteristics of pertuisis

A

whooping sounds

38
Q

what is tyhe characteristics of enterobacciae

A

gluclose fermination

39
Q

Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?

A

Legionellosis

40
Q

what are the characteristics of E.coli infections?

A
  • transmitted by fecal contaminated soil or water
  • UTI from normal flroa strains
  • involve enterotoxin in traveler’s diarrhea.
  • cuases inflammatory disease
41
Q

is somonella motile

A

yes

42
Q

what are coliforms that cause opportunistic and nosocomial infections

A
  • enterobacter
  • citrobacter
  • klebsiella
  • serratia
43
Q

what are charaxcteristics of shigella

A
  • non motile
  • realease endotoxins
  • enterobacciae genus
  • produce enterotoxin
44
Q

how is Yersinia pestis transmitted?

A

flea vector

45
Q

what is the gram-negative bacillus associated with abscesses from dog and cat bites or scratches?

A

Pasteurella multocida.

46
Q

Up to 70% of travel-associated gastrointestinal diseases are caused by

A

enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli.

47
Q

hich bacteria could be responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?

A

E. coli 0157:H7

48
Q

Whooping cough is transmitted via respiratory droplets. The __________ stage lasts 1–2 weeks, while the __________ stage is characterized by severe coughing.

A

catarrhal; paroxysmal

49
Q

E. coli 0157:H7 characteristics include all the following, except

A

it only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals.

50
Q

Which of the following is an agent of the sexually transmitted disease chancroid?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

51
Q

The buildup of mucus and blockage of airways in pertussis is due to

A

toxins that destroy the ciliated cells of the respiratory tract.

52
Q

Production of enterotoxin is a characteristic of

A

Clostridium difficile.

53
Q

Which organism can infect deeper wound sites and produce exotoxins, enzymes, and gas that cause tissue and muscle necrosis?

A

Clostridium perfringens

54
Q

All of the following pertain to Listeria monocytogenes, except

A

production of endospores

55
Q

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in

A

diptheria

56
Q

he major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is

A

its exotoxin.

57
Q

What is the usual cause of pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics leading to superinfection by C. difficile

58
Q

duction of a neurotoxin that prevents acetylcholine release from motor neurons at neuromuscular junctions is a characteristic of

A

Clostridium botulinum.

59
Q

All of the following pertain to Clostridium difficile infection, except

A

it is due to ingestion of contaminated, improperly stored, cooked meats and gravies.

Microbiology (6 decks)

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