Exam 3 Flashcards
The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal flora….
during and immediately after birth.
Virulence factors include all the following
- capsules
- exoenzymes
- endotoxins
- exotoxins
STORCH is an acronym that represents…..?
syphilis, toxoplasmosis, other diseases, rubella, cytomegalovirus,herpes
infections of the fetus and neonate.
Microbial hyaluronidase, coagulase, and streptokinase are examples of?
exoenzymes
what are exotoxins?
lipopolysaccharides
what organ do the enterotoxins target?
intestines
what are the processes of infectious disease?
P1) IP, P2) PS, P3) PI, P4) CP
phase 1) incubation period
phase 2) prodromal stage
phase 3) period of invasion
phase 4) convalescent period
what is incubation period
phase 1
intital contact until apprerance of first syptoms, it is multiplying but not enough for damage
several hours —–> several days
what is prodromal period?
phase 2
vague feelings of discomfort but no complaints
what is period of invasion?
phase 3
multiplies at high levels and has more specific signs and syptoms
what is convalescent period?
phase 4
the immune system begins to respond to infection and syptoms decline
The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen at peak activity is called the?
period of invasion
The time from when pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear is the?
incubation period
The initial, brief period of early, general symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches is the
prodromal stage
what is the subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient called?
symptoms
what is the objective, measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer called?
signs
what is a disease that has a steady frequency over time in a population called?
endemic
what is the primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it persists called?
reservoir
what is an animal that transmits a pathogen from one host to another called?
vector
what is an inanimate object that harbors and transmits a pathogen called?
fomite
what is resident flora?
microbes that exist in mutual association w/ humans
what is transient flora?
microbes that cause infection sites that harbour normal residents
penis, mouth, colon, eye lids, lashes etc.
where are areas in the body that are sterile?
- uterus
- internal eye
- brain and spinal cord
- liver
Adhesive pili, exotoxins, and capsules are all examples of
virulence factors
where are resident microbiota found?
s, m, li, np
- skin
- mouth
- nasal passages
- large instestines
Someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is called a?
carrier
what are the diffrent portals of entry?
EX, EN
- exogenus
- endogenus
what are exogenus agents?
orginate from sources outside the body
what is a endogenus agents?
normal flora
what are the specfic portals of entry?
s, R, GI, UG
skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital
what are the two bacterial toxins?
- endotoxins
- exotoxins
what is an endotoxin?
a toxin composed of part of the outer membrane that have gram neg cell walls
what are the syptoms of endotoxin?
fever, aches, shock
what is exotoxins?
secreted by living bacterial cells and disrupts the membrane
what is toxemia?
toxins spread through the blood
- tetanus
- diptheria
rabbits and rodents are resvoirs for what agent?
tularemia
what are the characteristics of pertuisis
whooping sounds
what is tyhe characteristics of enterobacciae
gluclose fermination
Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?
Legionellosis
what are the characteristics of E.coli infections?
- transmitted by fecal contaminated soil or water
- UTI from normal flroa strains
- involve enterotoxin in traveler’s diarrhea.
- cuases inflammatory disease
is somonella motile
yes
what are coliforms that cause opportunistic and nosocomial infections
- enterobacter
- citrobacter
- klebsiella
- serratia
what are charaxcteristics of shigella
- non motile
- realease endotoxins
- enterobacciae genus
- produce enterotoxin
how is Yersinia pestis transmitted?
flea vector
what is the gram-negative bacillus associated with abscesses from dog and cat bites or scratches?
Pasteurella multocida.
Up to 70% of travel-associated gastrointestinal diseases are caused by
enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli.
hich bacteria could be responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
E. coli 0157:H7
Whooping cough is transmitted via respiratory droplets. The __________ stage lasts 1–2 weeks, while the __________ stage is characterized by severe coughing.
catarrhal; paroxysmal
E. coli 0157:H7 characteristics include all the following, except
it only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals.
Which of the following is an agent of the sexually transmitted disease chancroid?
Haemophilus ducreyi
The buildup of mucus and blockage of airways in pertussis is due to
toxins that destroy the ciliated cells of the respiratory tract.
Production of enterotoxin is a characteristic of
Clostridium difficile.
Which organism can infect deeper wound sites and produce exotoxins, enzymes, and gas that cause tissue and muscle necrosis?
Clostridium perfringens
All of the following pertain to Listeria monocytogenes, except
production of endospores
Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in
diptheria
he major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is
its exotoxin.
What is the usual cause of pseudomembranous colitis?
Therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics leading to superinfection by C. difficile
duction of a neurotoxin that prevents acetylcholine release from motor neurons at neuromuscular junctions is a characteristic of
Clostridium botulinum.
All of the following pertain to Clostridium difficile infection, except
it is due to ingestion of contaminated, improperly stored, cooked meats and gravies.
