Eukaryotic Micro Exam 1 Flashcards
General
what is the theory that eukaryotes appeared 2 billion years ago?
symbiosis
organelles
what are the organelles in a eukaryotic cell?
EPR, GA, M, C
- endoplasmic rectilium (Smooth and Rough)
- golgi apparatus
- mitochondria
- chloroplasts
organelles
what are the locomotor organelles in a eukaryotic cell?
F ans C
- flagella
- Cilia
organelles
what composes the cytoskeleton in the eukaryotic cell?
form a network throughout the cytoplasm
- microtubules
- microfilaments
organelles
what are lysosomes?
lys-
vesicles containing enzymes that originate from the Golgi apparatus, involved in intracellular digestion of food particles
organelles
what are vacuoles?
vacuum
membrane-bound sacs containing particles to be digested, excreted or stored
organelles
what are phagosomes
membrane bound vacuoles containing ingested molecules becomes merged with the lysosome
organelles
what is chloroplast?
it converts energy of the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis can be found in plants and algae
organelles
endoplasmic reticulum
rough? smooth?
rough- continuous net work through cytoplasm from the nuclear membrane to the Golgi; has ribosomes
smooth- Close tubluar Netwerk without ribosomes functions in nutrient processing, synthesis in storage of lipids
organelles
Golgi apparatus
mailman
modifies stores and packs proteins. consist of a stack of flattened sacs called cisternae
organelles
mitochondria
powerhouse
produces and stores ATP, Crystal membrane holds the enzymes and electron carriers of aerobic respiration
organelles
ribosome
rRNA
functions in proteins synthesis
cell wall
describe a cell wall in a eukaryotic cell?
only in some eukaryotic microogranisms
fungi? Algae?
- provides structural support and shape
- fungi have thick inner layer of polysaccharide fibers composed of chitin or celluloseand a thin layer of glycan
- Algae theories in chemical compositio, substance is commonly found in cellulose pectin, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate
fungi
what are the different morphology of fungi?
M, Y
- mold
- yeast
Fungi
mold
- multicellular
- Long filamentous threads of fungi ate called hyphae produced by releasing spores
- woven or interwining masses of hyphae are called mycelium
fungi
yeasts
- unicellular
- asexual reproduction by producing buds
- some have chains of buds attached in a row called pseudohyphae
some exist in both forms depending upon temperature
fungi
what is fungi’s nutritional diet?
autotroph or heteotrophs
- all fungi are heterotrophs ( do not produce their own food)
- majority are harmless
fungi
what is mycoses?
fungal infection
asexual spore formation
what are sporangiospores?
formed by successive cleavages within a sac like head called sporangium
asexual spore formation
what is conidiospores (conidia)?
free spores not enclosed by spore bearing sac
sexual formation
how are spores produced sexually?
following fusion of two different strains in formation of sexual structure
protozoa
what is the morphology of protozoa?
M, A, C, A
- mastigophorans ( F)
- amoebas (PP)
- ciliophorans (C)
- apicomplexans (NM)
moblity
fungal classification
what are the diffrent phyla based upon the type of sexual reproduction?
Z, A, B, C
- phylum zygomycota
- ascomycota
- basidiomycota
- chytridomycota
protozoa
what are the characteristics of ciliophora?
living? mobility?
-motile by cilia
- some have cilia for feeding an attachment most develop cyst
protista
what does the kingdom of Protista consist of?
- algae
- protozoa
Protista (algae)
what is algae?
Eukaryotic organisms usually unicelluar and colonial that photosynthesizes with chlorophylla
protists (algae)
what are the characteristics of algae?
free living? unicellualr or multi? pigment?
- photosynthetic organisms
- microscopic forms are unicellular, colonial and filamentous
- most of free living
- microscopic forms are colonial and multicellular
- contains chloroplast with chlorophyll and other pigments
- has a cell wall but may not have a flagella
protozoa
What are the characteristics of protozoa?
cellular? harm level? autotrophic or heterotrophic
- most are unicellular
- most are harmless
- some are animal parasites that can be spread by and insect vector
- all are heterotrophic
protozoa
what are the characteristics of mastigophora ?
living? mobility? nucleus?
- flagella
- single nucleus
- free living
protozoa
what are the characteristics of amoebas?
living? mobility?
- pseudopods
- asexual reproduction by fission
-most amoebas are free living and not infectious
protozoa
what are the characteristics of apicomplexa?
living? mobility?
parasitic helminths
what are the characteristics of parasitic helminths?
cellular?
- multicellular
- parasitize host tissues
- have mouth parts for attachment
parasitic helminths
what are the major groups of parasitic helminths?
- flatworms
- roundworms
parasitic helminths
what are the characteristics of flatworms?
shape? systems?
- flat with no digestive track or blood pouchs simple excretory and nervous system
parasitic helminths
what are the two subdivisions for flat worm?
C, T
- cestodes (tapeworms)
- trematodes (flukes)
parasitic helminths
what are the characteristics of roundworms (nematods)
shape? systems?
- round, has a complete digestive track and a protective surface cuticle
- has spines and hooks on the mouth
- exrectory snd nervous system are poorly developed
parasitic helminths
what is the subdivision for roundworms?
PW
enterobius vermicularis (pin worm)
parasitic helminths
how are parasitic helminths acquired?
- through ingestion of larva or eggs and food from soil or water and some are cured by insect vectors
