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Cell Structure And Function > Prokaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards

1
Q

How old are prokaryotic cells?

A

3.5 billion years ago

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2
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

No just circular DNA

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3
Q

Are prokaryotic cells biochemically diverse?

A

Yes

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4
Q

When did eukaryotic cells develop?

A

2 billion years ago

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5
Q

What groups can prokaryotes be divided into?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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6
Q

What does the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells contain?

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

What are flagella composed of?

A

Protein Flagellin

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8
Q

What is the purpose of Pili?

A

Help bacteria stick to their substrate

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9
Q

What is the role of prokaryotic cell wall?

A

Protects cell against mechanical and osmotic shocks

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10
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell wall composed of?

A

Peptidoglycan

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11
Q

What is gram positive bacteria?

A

Part of the wall which has a 40nm layer of peptidoglycan

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12
Q

What is a gram negative bacteria?

A

Part of the wall with a complex cell wall structure which are more dangerous to humans

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13
Q

What is a photoautotroph?

A

Photosynthetic organism which use light to synthesise organic compounds from carbon dioxide

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14
Q

What is a chemoautotroph?

A

Use carbon dioxide as a carbon source and obtain their energy by oxidising inorganic substances

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15
Q

What is a photoheterotroph?

A

Use light to generate ATP but must obtain their carbon in an organic form

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16
Q

What is a chemoheterotroph?

A

Use organic molecules to supply both carbon and energy

17
Q

Are viruses alive?

A

No

18
Q

Can viruses self repair?

A

No

19
Q

What microscope are viruses visible on?

A

Electron

20
Q

What are features of Filamentous viruses?

A

Nucleic acid is arranged in a helix, with the protein sub units surrounding and stabilising it eg Tobacco mosaic virus

21
Q

What are Spheroid viruses?

A

Nucleic acid is condensed inside a protein envelope

Organised into a multisided geometric shape

22
Q

What are Tailed Spheroid viruses?

A

Spheroid virus with a tail

23
Q

What are enveloped viruses?

A

Spheroid virus but with lipoprotein coat

24
Q

What are the features of ebola?

A

Filamentous
single stranded RNA virus with variable length branches morphology
Helical capsid is enclosed inside a membrane

25
Q

What are the 4 modes of nutrition among prokaryotes?

A

Photoautotrophs
Chemoautotrophs
Photoheterotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs

Cell Structure And Function (10 decks)

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