Prokaryotic cell structure Flashcards
Do eukaryotes or prokaryotes have a higher diversity of membrane proteins?
Prokaryotes
what are the 3 types of archaeal plasma membranes
bilayer of isoprene-glycerol ethers, Monolayer of diglycerol or crenarchaeal tetra-ethers
what are the 3 types of membrane proteins
integral, peripheral, lipid anchored
Chelating agent for Iron in membrane transport
Siderophores
what is more efficient, diffusion or facilitated diffusion
Facillitated
what is the name of an active transport protein that hydrolyzes ATP
ATP binding cassette (ABC) Transporter
Example of group translocation
Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphotransferase system
Monosaccharides in peptidoglycan?
N-Acetylglucosamine and N-Acetylmuramic acid
How does lysozyme affect the Peptidoglycan layer?
It hydrolyzes the bond between NAM and NAG
What connects the outer membrane to the peptidoglycan in a G- Cell
Braun’s lipoproteins
What bacteria don’t have a cell wall?
Mycoplasmas
S layer structure and function in archaea
Made of repeating units of glycoproteins
Act as cell wall, provide structure, can exclude certain molecules
Pseudomeurine
pseudopeptidoglycan found in archaea
Methanochondroitin
similar to eukaryotic connective tissue, Found in archaeal cell walls
3 parts of bacterial flagella
Filament, Hook, Basal Body
2 types of archaeal attachment structures
Cannulae and Hami
Difference in energy transfer between Archaellum and bacterial flagellum?
Bacteria use proton motive force and archaea use direct hydrolysis of ATP
Parts of bacterial flagellum Motor
Rotor and Stator
Taxis
Movement to or from a stimulant
Runs flagella direction
counter clockwise
Tumbles flagella direction
Clockwise
Swarming
group behavior in archaea or bacteria
Spirochete movement structure
periplasmic flagella
Where is Teichoic acid found?
The Peptidoglycan layer of the Gram positive cell wall
Bacterial S-layer
Layer of repeating Glycoprotein external to cell wall
G+ or G-
Genus of archaea where Cannulae are found
Pyrodictum
Bacterial flagellum Stator proteins
Mot A and Mot B
Bacterial flagellum Rotor proteins
C Ring and MS Ring
Bacterial structure related to Archaellum?
Type IV pilus
Archaellum Functions
Twitching, cell to cell interaction and adhesion
Plasma membrane and everything in it
Protoplast
FtsZ orthologue of what?
tubulin orthologue, behaves more like actin
Mreb orthologue of what?
actin orthologue
Crenactin orthologue of what?
archaea actin orthologue
Cres orthologue of what?
Intermediate filaments orthologue
Intracytoplasmic membranes
Infoldings of the plasma membrane with some specific function
Inclusion Bodies
material stored for later, Might be membrane bound (protein or lipid)
Microcompartments
Inclusion body for something other than storage
Nucleiod
Region of the chromosome anchored by cytoskelton
A plasmid that has been integrated into the chromosome
Episome
Who Forms Endospores?
Some G+ Bacteria
Bacterial Endospore DNA is different how?
Complexed with calcium and dipicolinic acid for stability. Acid soluble DNA binding Proteins attached
Layers of Bacterial Endosper?
Exosporium, Spore coat, Cortex, Core, DNA
Bacterial Ribosome Subunit sizes
30S and 50S
R-Plasmids
Confer Drug Resistance
Col Plasmids
Produce Toxins
Archaea have plasmids?
Yes, Circular dsDNA
