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Biology 2370 > Bacterial Genetics/Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Bacterial Genetics/Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Central Dogma of molecular biology

A

DNA->RNA-> Proteins

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2
Q

Genetics is

A

Study of gene structure, behavior, inheritance, distribution, variation

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3
Q

who first isolated DNA

A

Miescher

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4
Q

Nucleic acid structure

A

Reverse and complementary Strands in a double helix

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5
Q

Why is DNA replication “semi conservative”

A

Each parent strand acts as a template for a new strand

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6
Q

Prokaryotic DNA structure

A

Circular chromosomes and plasmids

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7
Q

DNA polymerase III direction

A

5’-> 3’

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8
Q

precursors used by DNA polymerase III

A

nucleic acid Triphosphates

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9
Q

DNA Polymerase I activity

A

DNA repair, lagging strand synthesis

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10
Q

DNA Polymerase II activity

A

DNA repair

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11
Q

DNA Polymerase III activity

A

major replication enzyme

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12
Q

Where dos the energy for DNA synthesis come from

A

Hydrolysis of nucleic acid triphosphates

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13
Q

Processivity

A

Ability of an enzyme to catalyze many reactions without dissociating from substrate

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14
Q

Helicase activity

A

Break H-Bonds and unwind DNA

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15
Q

topoisomerase activity

A

break single strand to prevent supercoiling

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16
Q

DNA gyrase activity

A

packs and unpacks chromosomes through supercoiling

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17
Q

Primase activity

A

Starts replication with RNA primers

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18
Q

DNA ligase activity

A

joins final phosphodiester bond of okazaki fragments

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19
Q

What enzyme lays nucleotides between okazaki fragments

A

DNA Polymerase I

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20
Q

XerCd recombinase activity

A

catalyzes crossover to separate dimerized chromosomes

21
Q

Template strand sense or antisense

A

Antisense

22
Q

-35 Box is for…

A

RNA polymerase recognition site

23
Q

-10 box function

A

RNA polymerase binding site

24
Q

leader sequence

A

gets transcribed but not translated, contains shine delgarno sequence

25
Q

mRNA start codon

A

AUG, generally

26
Q

First amino acid in most bacterial proteins

A

formyl-methionine

27
Q

Polycistronic mRNA

A

many genes in one mRNA, cleaved later

28
Q

Subunit of RNA polymerase that regulates transcription initiation

A

Sigma factor, dissociates after initiation

29
Q

core promoter

A

-35 box to +1

30
Q

Ribosome read direction

A

5’ -> 3’

31
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes tRNA attachment to amino acid

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthase

32
Q

Binding site for 16S subunit of Ribosome

A

Shine delgarno sequence

33
Q

Which initiation factor prevents premature association of large and small subunits

A

IF-3

34
Q

Initiation factor that selects initiator tRNA and palces it at the p site

A

IF-2, complexed with GTP

35
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes bind of aminoacyl-tRNA to A site

A

EF-tu (elongation factor), complexed with GTP

36
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes peptide translocation

A

EF-G

37
Q

Part removed from polypeptide in post-translational protien splicing

A

inteins

38
Q

Primary chaperon complex for folding proteins

A

DNAJ and DNAK

39
Q

Final chaperon complex for folding proteins

A

GroEL and GroES

40
Q

Protein translocation

A

movement form the cytoplasm to the membrane or periplasmic space

41
Q

Main translocation pathway for proteins

A

Sec pathway

42
Q

Which protein of the Sec pathway keeps the preprotein unfolded

A

SecB

43
Q

Type I secretion system

A

used for adhesion proteins, Sec independant

44
Q

Type II secretion system

A

Sec and tat dependent, mostly for hydrolytic enzymes

45
Q

TAT system

A

twin arginine secretion, secretes folded proteins with twin arginine in their signal sequence

46
Q

Type III secretion system

A

Sec and Tat independent, involved in pathogenicity, forms injectosomes

47
Q

Type IV secretion system

A

Can be Sec dependent, used for pathogenicity and conjugation

48
Q

Type V secretion system

A

Sec and Tat dependent, used for autotransporting virulence factors and biofilm components

49
Q

Type VI secretion system

A

similar to bacteriophage injection system, role in pathogenicity (virulence factors)

Biology 2370 (11 decks)

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