Controlling Microbes Flashcards
Sterilization is defined as
All viable organisms dead or removed
Disinfection is defined as
Killing or inhibiting all pathogens
Sanitization is defined as
Reduction of microbe levels to safe standards
Antisepsis is defined as
Prevention of microbial infection in living tissue
Chemotherapy is defined as
The use of chemicals to kill or inhibit pathogens within living tissue
D-value
Time taken for a 10X reduction in microbial population
Z-value
Number of degrees of temperature increase needed to achieve a 10x reduction in D-value
Hepa uses physical retention and …
Electrostatic charges
does pasteurization sterilize?
No
is dry or moist heat a more effective sterilizer?
Moist
How does UV light kill?
Forms thymine dimers, DNA cant be transcribed
Mechanism of action of Phenolics
Denture proteins, disrupt membranes
is alcohol sporicidal?
No
How do Halogens kill?
Oxidize cell components, iodine iodates proteins
Banzalkonium is a type of?
Quaternary ammonium compounds
How do aldehydes kill?
complex with and inactivate proteins and nucleic acids
Is H2O2 sporicidal?
Yes
Sterilization vs Disinfection
sterilization kills all viable organisms, Disinfection kills or inhibits all pathogens
Is microbial death Linear or Exponential
Exponential
Good methods of control for heat sensitive liquids
pasteurization and filtration
Wavelength of UV light absorbed by DNA?
260 nm
penicillin mechanism of action?
binds to transpeptidase, inhibits cell wall synthesis
5 types of proteins synthesis inhibitors
aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamines, chloramphenicol
sulfonamides are a type of … ?
metabolic antagonists
The 4 types of antibiotics
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors, metabolic antagonists, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
Example of Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
penicillin, cephalosporins, glycopeptides (vancomycin)
Example of protein synthesis inhibitors
Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamines, chloramphenicol
Example of nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
Quinolones (nalidixic acid)
Example of a metabolic antagonist antibiotic
sulfonamides, trimethoprim
the 4 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Alteration of target proteins, reduce access to target proteins, hydrolysis of the antibiotic, non-selective removal with efflux pumps
Central ring of Penicillins
B-lactam ring
