Prokaryotic Cell - Exam 2

Question 1

cell wall

Answer 1

made of peptidoglycan (polymers and sugars), protect cell, maintain shape, prevents excessive uptake or loss of water

Question 2

ribosomes

Answer 2

carry out protein synthesis

Question 3

plasma membrane

Answer 3

carries out some functions of organelles

Question 4

actin-like proteins

Answer 4

form supporting fibrils near the end of the cell

Question 5

gram positive bacteria

Answer 5

thick single layered cell wall, retains violet dye from gram stain

Question 6

gram negative bacteria

Answer 6

evolved, more complex, multilayered cell wall, doesn’t retain purple dye, looks red

Question 7

cell movement

Answer 7

some move by flagella (long threadlike structure sticking out from surface of cell) are protein fibers

Question 8

binary fission

Answer 8

single cell can split in 2 and become 2 genetically identical cells

Question 9

cocci

Answer 9

spherical cells that can be found alone, in chains, or in clusters

Question 10

bacilli

Answer 10

rod-shaped, may be found singly or in chains

Question 11

spiral

Answer 11

curved/spiral shape, occur singly

Question 12

biofilms

Answer 12

organized colonies of one or several species attached to a surface

Question 13

archaea

Answer 13

one of 2 domains of prokaryotes, live in extreme environments

Question 14

methanogens

Answer 14

live in oxygen free environments, emit methane gas as waste, usually found in bottom of a swamp

Question 15

halophiles

Answer 15

thrive in salty environments

Question 16

thermophiles

Answer 16

live and grow at high temperature environments

Question 17

bacteria

Answer 17

1 of 2 domains of prokaryotes, thrive in most earths habitats