Animal Cell Flashcards
lysosome
unique to animal cells, membrane enclosed bubble of digestive enzymes that can break down and recycle foreign and worn out substances
ribosomes
sites of protein manufacture, can free float or be attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
golgi apparatus
receives, refines, and ships cellular products
vesicle
membrane enclosed sac, stores and transports things into cytoplasm
plasma membrane
outer boundary of the cell, regulates things that go in and out of the cell
cytoskeleton
network of fibers, maintains cell shape, provides support, helps with movement
cytoplasm
fluid filled region between nucleus and plasma membrane
flagellum
propels cell, tail
mitochondria
site where energy is harvested from food molecules, the powerhouse of the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
manufacturing site for a range of cellular products, has both smooth and rough ER
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
- no ribosomes on the surface
- network of interconnected tubules
- site of phospholipid synthesis which goes into membrane synthesis
- site of cholesterol and other steroid synthesis
- site of detoxification (modifies and breaks down foreign substances)
rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
- has attached ribosomes
- composed of interconnected flattened sacs
- near the nucleus
- site for ribosomes that are synthesizing proteins:
1. proteins to be incorporated into membranes
2. proteins to be exported from a cell
3. proteins that are destined to stay inside other organelles
nucleus
location of most of cells DNA stored in chromosomes, control cells activities by directing protein production
nuclear envelope
double membrane that surrounds nucleus, phospholipid bilayer that controls what goes in and out of the nucleus, contains nuclear pores that only allows certain molecules (RNA) to go in
chromosomes
each human body has 46 chromosomes in a nucleus, when DNA is wrapped around proteins to form fibers aka chromatin
