Prokaryotes Test Part One: Oh Boy

Question 1

Typical Bacteria Structure

Answer 1

Outer membrane (some bacteria)
Peptidoglycan cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosome
DNA
Pili
Flagellum

Question 2

Prokaryote

Answer 2

Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
- DNA in cytoplasm
Two groups:
Bacteria and archaea

Question 3

Archaea

Answer 3

Cell walls lack peptidoglycan, membranes contain different lipids
Live in harsh environments

Question 4

How do prokaryotes vary in their structure and function?

Answer 4

Prokaryotes vary in their size and shape, in the way they move, and in the way they obtain and release energy

Question 5

Rod shaped prok

Answer 5

Bacilli

Question 6

Spherical Prok

Answer 6

Cocci

Question 7

Spiral and cork screw prok

Answer 7

Spirilla

Question 8

Some move by

Answer 8

flagella, glide along material they secrete

Question 9

Energy is released by

Answer 9

Cellular respiration, fermentation, or both

Question 10

Fermentation

Answer 10

Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not available

Question 11

Binary fission

Answer 11

When a cell grows to nearly double it’s normal size then splits into two, replicates it’s DNA to create two nearly identical cells

Question 12

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 12

Respiration is used to eliminate waste products and generate energy
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, anaerobic doesn’t
Anaerobic occurs mostly in prok
Both occur in cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 13

Photosynthesis

Answer 13

the process by which some organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 14

Chemosynthesis

Answer 14

the synthesis of organic compounds by some organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight

Question 15

Conjugation

Answer 15

The process by which prokaryotes exchange genetic information through the formation of a bridge between two bacterial cells

Question 16

Spore Formation

Answer 16

A mode of reproduction resembling multiple fission, in which the organism breaks up into a number of pieces, or spores, each of which eventually develops into an organism like the parent form

Question 17

Differences between archaea and bacteria

Answer 17

Bacteria contain peptidoglycan cell wall, archaea don’t
archaea membranes contain different lipids
Archaea aren’t affected by antibiotics
Archaea live in harsh environments, don’t affect people
Bacteria have both helpful and harmful effects on humans

Question 18

Prok act as decomposers

Answer 18

Prok supply raw materials and help maintain balance in the environment by helping decompose dead organisms

Question 19

Prok act as producers

Answer 19

Food chains depend of prok as producers of food and organic material

Question 20

Nitrogen fixation performed by prok

Answer 20

Nitrogen fixation converts nitrogen gas into into ammonia, which can be converted into nitrates or attached to amino acids

Question 21

Nitrogen fixation performed by prok

Answer 21

Nitrogen fixation converts nitrogen gas into into ammonia, which can be converted into nitrates for plants or attached to amino acids for all organisms

Question 22

Ways we use prok

Answer 22

Prokaryotic cells are used in fermentation processes, agriculture. Some prokaryotes also help digest food or can be used to help certain bacterial infecitons

Question 23

What did we do in the yogurt lab

Answer 23

We infected milk with bacteria, which then ferment the milk, causing it to turn into yogurt.

Question 24

Why did we do the yogurt lab

Answer 24

We did the yogurt lab to gain a better understanding of the bacterial infection process. The lab also proves that a certain kind of bacteria causes milk to turn into yogurt.