Bio Chem Test Part One: Nutrition And Reactions

Question 1

Atomic Number

Answer 1

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

A measure of the amount of matter in an object

Question 3

Ionic Bonds

Answer 3

A chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges. Ionic bonds form when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom

Question 4

Covalent Bonds

Answer 4

A covalent bond is a chemical link between two atoms or ions where the electron pairs are shared between them. A covalent bond may also be termed a molecular bond. Covalent bonds form between two nonmetal atoms with identical or relatively close electronegativity values

Question 5

Products

Answer 5

A product is a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction

Question 6

Reactants

Answer 6

A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction

Question 7

Catalyst

Answer 7

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change

Question 8

MonoMer

Answer 8

A Self Contained Unit That Can Be Repeated To Make A Polymer. MonoSaCCHaride - Glucose, Fructose.
Carbohydrates - monosaccharides.
Lipids - glycerol and fatty acids.
Nucleic acids - nucleotides.
Proteins - amino acids.

Question 9

Dimer

Answer 9

Dimer: a pairing of 2 monomers of the same type:
examples:
carbohydrate- sucrose
lipid- phospholipid A molecule or molecular complex consisting of two identical molecules linked together

Question 10

PolyMer

Answer 10

Polymer: a set of many monomers of the same type bonded together:
examples:
carbohydrate- cellulose, Amylose
nucleic acid- DNA A substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins

Question 11

PolyMerization

Answer 11

A chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form larger molecules that contain repeating structural units — compare The monomer molecules may be all alike, Or they may represent two, three, or more different compounds

Question 12

DeHydration Synthesis

Answer 12

The monomers combine with each other via covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers. In doing so, monomers release water molecules as byproducts. This type of reaction is known as dehydration synthesis, which means “to put together while losing water Dehydration synthesis is the process of joining two molecules, or compounds
Polymerization
Polymer

Question 13

Hydrolysis

Answer 13

A chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water
A Chemical Breakdown Of A Compound Due To It’s Reaction With Water

Question 14

Carbohydrates

Answer 14

Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms usually in ratio of 1:2:1. Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. It is also sometimes used to structural purposes. Starches Are Chains, Glucose is hexagon

Question 15

MonoSaCCHArides

Answer 15

Monosaccharides also called simple sugars, are the most basic units of carbohydrates. They are fundamental units of carbohydrates and cannot be further hydrolyzed to simpler compounds. The general formula is CnH2nOn Ex Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

Question 16

Isomers

Answer 16

Each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties. Same number of carbons but with a different structure.

Question 17

Dissacharides

Answer 17

Consists Of Two Simple Sugars Bonded Together Sucrose, Maltose

Question 18

PolySaccharides

Answer 18

Complex Carbohydrates Formed by Dehydration Synthesis. Starch, corn, potatoes and wheat Stores excess sugar In Plants and Stored As Glycogen Cellulose Found In Every Plant

Question 19

Lipids

Answer 19

Molecules called lipids have long hydrocarbon chains that determine they way they act. They can be fats, oils, or hormones, and even exist in our cell membranes

Question 20

Fatty Acids

Answer 20

A carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group, especially any of those occurring as esters in fats and oils

Question 21

Saturated Fats

Answer 21

Saturated fats (margarine, butter, and coconut oil) are not healthy to use regularly because they contribute to heart disease. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature. Fatty Acids All Have Single Bonds
As many hydrogens as it can hold

Question 22

MonoUnsaturated Fats

Answer 22

“mono” means one unsaturated chemical bond. These unsaturated fats are often found in liquid vegetable oils. olive, sesame, and canola oils
Bonds between carbon

Question 23

PolyUnSaturated Fats

Answer 23

“Poly” means many unsaturated chemical bonds These unsaturated fats are often found in liquid vegetable oils.

Question 24

Trans Fatty Acids

Answer 24

Artificial trans fats (or trans fatty acids) are created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid Turn unsaturated fats into saturated

Question 25

Essential Fatty Acids

Answer 25

Fatty Acids That Your Body Can’t Produce On It’s Own

Omega 3 Omega 6

Question 26

Functions Of Fat

Answer 26

Provides Energy, Maintains Body Temperature, Used In Cell Membranes

Question 27

Triglycerides

Answer 27

Derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.
Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat
Triglycerides provide your body with energy, but their main function is to store energy for later use.
The food you eat contains calories in the form of carbohydrates, protein and fat

Question 28

What Are Three Kinds Of Lipids

Answer 28

Triglycerides, Steroids, Phospholipids

Question 29

Structure Of Proteins

Answer 29

The primary structure of a protein refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. The primary structure is held together by covalent bonds such as peptide bonds, which are made during the process of protein biosynthesis Contain Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen And Oxygen

Question 30

Function Of Proteins

Answer 30

They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains.

Question 31

How Many Amino Acids Are There

Answer 31

20 9 Essential

Question 32

What Is An R Group

Answer 32

Differentiates Amino Acids

Question 33

What Are Essential Amino Acids

Answer 33

Amino Acids That Your Body Can’t Produce

Question 34

Dipeptides

Answer 34

When two amino acids are joined together, a dipeptide is formed. A special chemical bond called a peptide bond holds together two amino acids.

Question 35

The Bond In A DiPeptide Called And How Is It Formed

Answer 35

A process called dehydration synthesis is used to join amino acids by forming a peptide bond

Question 36

Polypeptides

Answer 36

A linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of (or the whole of) a protein molecule

Question 37

What Determines The Shape Of A Protein Why Is The Shape So Important

Answer 37

The function of a protein is determined by its shape. The shape of a protein is determined by its primary structure (sequence of amino acids). The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the gene (DNA) encoding it

Question 38

More Functions Of Proteins

Answer 38

Control Rate Of Reactions
Regulate Cell Processes
Transport Substances Into Or Out Of Cells
Form Bones And Muscles
Help To Fight Disease Antibodies
Communicate With Other Cells Hormes

Question 39

Ezymes

Answer 39

Enzymes are biological molecules (typically proteins) that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells.
They are vital for life and serve a wide range of important functions in the body, such as aiding in digestion and metabolism.
Cataclyst

Question 40

Functions Of Enzymes

Answer 40

Some enzymes help
break large molecules into smaller pieces that are more easily absorbed by the body.
Other enzymes help bind two molecules together to produce a new molecule.
Enzymes are highly selective catalysts, meaning that each enzyme only speeds up a specific reaction.
Cataclyst

Question 41

What Happens When Enzymes Are De Natured How

Answer 41

Change the pH and the enzyme stops working. Increasing the temperature to 60°C will cause a permanent change to the shape of the active site. This is why enzymes stop working when they are heated. We say they have become denatured.
CataClyst

Question 42

Control

Answer 42

Experimental controls are mechanisms in science that eliminate extraneous factors that might otherwise affect the results of an experiment

Question 43

Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are

Answer 43

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins

Question 44

Nucleic Acid

Answer 44

Stores and transmit genetic information
Polymers
Made from monomers known as nucleotides

Question 45

Nucleotides are made of

Answer 45

5 carbon sugar
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base

Question 46

Two types of nucleic acids

Answer 46

Ribonucleic acid

Deoxyribonucleic acid