DNA Test Part Five: Enzymes

Question 1

Polymerase

Answer 1

Joins individual nucleotides to produce the new strand of DNA

Question 2

Telomerase

Answer 2

Adds DNA at the end of chromosomes

Question 3

Telomeres

Answer 3

The ends of linear chromosomes, called telomeres, protect genes from getting deleted as cells continue to divide.

Question 4

Enzymes involved in DNA replication

Answer 4

Helicase
RNA primase
DNA polymerase
Ligase

Question 5

RNA Primase

Answer 5

It goes over a single DNA strand and creates RNA sequences called primers, which transcribe DNA into RNA.

Question 6

Ligase

Answer 6

It seals repairs in the DNA, it seals recombination fragments, and it connects small DNA fragments formed during the replication of double-stranded DNA in eukaryotes

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

use the sequence of codons in the mRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains

Question 8

Promoter

Answer 8

A promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes towards the 5’ region of the sense strand

Question 9

MRNA

Answer 9

mRNA Transcribes the genetic code from DNA into a form that can be read and used to make proteins. mRNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 10

TRNA

Answer 10

Brings or transfers amino acids to the ribosome that correspond to each three-nucleotide codon of rRNA

Question 11

Helicase

Answer 11

separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied

Question 12

DNA polymerase

Answer 12

DNA Polymerase synthesizes a DNA strand and used in DNA replication

Question 13

RNA polymerase

Answer 13

used during transcription to synthesize the mRNA strand no proofreading systems

Question 14

Ribosome

Answer 14

use the sequence of codons in the mRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains

Question 15

RRNA

Answer 15

catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains