PROKARYOTES (lesson four)

Question 1

what are prokaryotes?

Answer 1

A prokaryote is a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 2

which domains are made up of prokaryotes and what does this mean

Answer 2

Bacteria and Archaea are made up of prokaryotic cells.

Question 3

where can prokaryotes live?

Answer 3

-Inside and on the surface of other organisms
-In water and soil
-Deep within the earth
-In boiling hot springs
-Various other extreme environmental conditions

Question 4

negative impacts of prokaryotes

Answer 4

• are known for their harmful effects on humans
• there are infectious bacteria called pathogens that are responsible for many human illnesses and deaths every year

Question 5

positive impacts of prokaryotes

Answer 5

• they are involved in nutrient cycling
• digestion of foods in our guts
  -production of vitamins and have commercial uses like in the production of cheese
• yogurt and antibiotics

Question 6

how many groups is a domain Eubacteria and how many are important?

Answer 6

The Domain Eubacteria has more than 12 separate groups, with 6 that are considered particularly important

Question 7

Bacteria: General Characteristics

Answer 7

• has a cell wall, membrane, and cytoplasm
• Contain a single looped chromosome (i.e. chromosomal DNA) in an area called the nucleoid
• Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cell
• Often have pili or flagella for movement
• Sometimes will have plasmids in their cytoplasm
• Some will also be surrounded by a protective coating

Question 8

what is a plasmid?

Answer 8

• Plasmids are a small loop of DNA with additional genes
  (These genes are not essential but may be helpful to the cell)

Question 9

what does a ‘protective coating’ help prevent?

Answer 9

These prevent water loss, resist temperature changes, and keep out antibiotic and virus

Question 10

what is a round-shaped bacteria called?

Answer 10

coccus

Question 11

what is a rod-shaped bacteria called?

Answer 11

bacillus

Question 12

what is a spiral-shaped bacteria called?

Answer 12

spirochete/spirilla

Question 13

what are bacteria that are in pairs called?

Answer 13

Diplo

Question 14

what are bacteria that are in a chain called?

Answer 14

strepto

Question 15

what are bacteria that are in clusters called

Answer 15

staphilo

Question 16

Domain Archaea

Answer 16

• little is known about archaea
  -Their cell walls and membranes have a unique chemical makeup
  -They also have a unique genetic code
  -Most inhabit extreme environments

Question 17

What are the similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 17

-Have DNA
-Have ribosomes
-Have cytoplasm
-Have cell membrane

Question 18

What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 18

• eukaryotes are bigger, more complex, and have a nucleus
• prokaryotes have cell walls

Question 19

are bacteria autotrophs or heterotrophs?

Answer 19

bacteria are both

Question 20

What process do bacteria go through in order to multiply?

Answer 20

Binary fissions

Question 21

Similarities between bacteria and archaea?

Answer 21

-Unicellular
-Prokaryotic
-Genetic material
-Ribosomes
-Cytoplasm
-Can be autotrophs and heterotrophs
-Binary fissions

Question 22

Differences between bacteria and archaea?

Answer 22

• Membrane structure. Archaea have a monolid layer instead of a build layer
• Has a unique cell wall. They do not have peptidoglycan
  -Some differences in genetics (i.e entry points)