INTRODUCTION TO TAXONOMY (lesson two) Flashcards
what is the great chain of being?
- early classification systems were based on the assumption that each type of organism held a fixed position on a scale from “lowest” or “highest”
- i.e. Humans were at the top of the “Great Chain of Being” or scala naturae
- This reinforced the idea that species were fixed and unchanging over time
what is taxonomy
The science of classifying living things
how are species ranked?
In taxonomic ranks based on shared characteristics
what is each taxonomic level called?
a taxon
what are the seven levels of taxonomic and the order they go in
kingdoms -> phyla -> classes -> orderes -> famillies -> genera ->species
what is phylogeny?
the science that deals with the evolutionary relationships among species (finding evolutionary relationships among species)
what is the key relationship of the six kingdoms?
out of all six kingdoms, not many of them are up of more than one clade. Protista is an exception to this
what is a Phylogenetic trees?
large family trees tracing the evolutionary relationships between many different species
what is a clade?
a clade is a taxonomic group that includes a single ancestor and all of its descendants
what are the 3 domains
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
what two domains only have one kingdom each with the same name?
Bacteria and Archaea
what kingdoms does Eurkarya contain?
protista, animalia, plantae, and fungi
describe domain Archeae
- unicellular
-has a cell wall (made with a different substance than bacteria)
-Prokaryote
-heterotroph
describe domain bacteria
- unicellular
- has a cell wall
-prokaryote
-has both autotroph and heterotroph
describe domain Eukarya
- has both unicellular (protists) and multicellular (plants, animals, and fungi)
-eukaryote - has both autotroph and heterotroph (plants and Algae (protists) are the only autotrophs)
Describe kingdom Plantae
- Autotrophs
Plant cells
-Multicellular
-Eukaryotic
-Cell wall composed of cellulose
Describe kingdom Animalia
- Eukaryotic
-Multicellular - No cell wall and chloroplast
-heterotrophs
Describe kingdom Eubacteria
-Single-celled
-Prokaryotic
- has Cell wall
-Some are autotrophs and some are heterotrophs
Describe kingdom Archaebacteria
- Prokaryotic
-Cell wall and cell membranes are unique
Describe kingdom Protista
-Eukaryotic
- Diverse cell structure
-Some have Cell walls and chloroplast
out of all the 6 kingdoms, not all are made up of more than 1 clade
true
which kingdom does not form one clade
kingdom protists
what domain makes up all the life forms
Eukarya
how are bacteria and archaea different?
have different cell walls
