INTRODUCTION TO TAXONOMY (lesson two) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the great chain of being?

A
  • early classification systems were based on the assumption that each type of organism held a fixed position on a scale from “lowest” or “highest”
  • i.e. Humans were at the top of the “Great Chain of Being” or scala naturae
  • This reinforced the idea that species were fixed and unchanging over time
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2
Q

what is taxonomy

A

The science of classifying living things

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3
Q

how are species ranked?

A

In taxonomic ranks based on shared characteristics

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4
Q

what is each taxonomic level called?

A

a taxon

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5
Q

what are the seven levels of taxonomic and the order they go in

A

kingdoms -> phyla -> classes -> orderes -> famillies -> genera ->species

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6
Q

what is phylogeny?

A

the science that deals with the evolutionary relationships among species (finding evolutionary relationships among species)

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7
Q

what is the key relationship of the six kingdoms?

A

out of all six kingdoms, not many of them are up of more than one clade. Protista is an exception to this

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8
Q

what is a Phylogenetic trees?

A

large family trees tracing the evolutionary relationships between many different species

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9
Q

what is a clade?

A

a clade is a taxonomic group that includes a single ancestor and all of its descendants

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10
Q

what are the 3 domains

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

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11
Q

what two domains only have one kingdom each with the same name?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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12
Q

what kingdoms does Eurkarya contain?

A

protista, animalia, plantae, and fungi

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13
Q

describe domain Archeae

A
  • unicellular
    -has a cell wall (made with a different substance than bacteria)
    -Prokaryote
    -heterotroph
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14
Q

describe domain bacteria

A
  • unicellular
  • has a cell wall
    -prokaryote
    -has both autotroph and heterotroph
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15
Q

describe domain Eukarya

A
  • has both unicellular (protists) and multicellular (plants, animals, and fungi)
    -eukaryote
  • has both autotroph and heterotroph (plants and Algae (protists) are the only autotrophs)
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16
Q

Describe kingdom Plantae

A
  • Autotrophs
    Plant cells
    -Multicellular
    -Eukaryotic
    -Cell wall composed of cellulose
17
Q

Describe kingdom Animalia

A
  • Eukaryotic
    -Multicellular
  • No cell wall and chloroplast
    -heterotrophs
18
Q

Describe kingdom Eubacteria

A

-Single-celled
-Prokaryotic
- has Cell wall
-Some are autotrophs and some are heterotrophs

19
Q

Describe kingdom Archaebacteria

A
  • Prokaryotic
    -Cell wall and cell membranes are unique
20
Q

Describe kingdom Protista

A

-Eukaryotic
- Diverse cell structure
-Some have Cell walls and chloroplast

21
Q

out of all the 6 kingdoms, not all are made up of more than 1 clade

A

true

22
Q

which kingdom does not form one clade

A

kingdom protists

23
Q

what domain makes up all the life forms

A

Eukarya

24
Q

how are bacteria and archaea different?

A

have different cell walls