ANIMAL PHYLA (lesson eight) Flashcards
ANIMAL BASICS
- Multi-cellular organisms with tissues and, usually, organs and organ systems
- Undergo larval or embryonic development
what is larval development?
when the young look very different from the adult. example caterpillar and butterfly
what is embryonic development?
when the young is a mini version of the adult. example babies and adults.
what is zoology?
is the branch of science that studies animals
how many phyla are in the animal kingdom?
there are 8 phyla in the animal kingdom
what are the two big groups of the animal kingdom?
vertebrates and invertebrates
invertebrates
- They have no backbone
- 97 % of all animals
- There are 7 phyla
vertebrates
- the Chordata phyla
- They have a backbone
- 3% of animals
what is PROTOSTOMES and DEUTEROSTOMES
Protostomes and deuterostomes are terms that are used to categorize members of major taxonomic groups of animals by how they develop as embryos
protostomes
- the first opening of the organism becomes the mouth
- Simple organisms
- examples: Arthropods, Flatworms, Annelids
Deuterostomes
- The first opening of the organism becomes the anus (the mouth develops later)
- Complex organisms
- examples: Humans, Tigers, Monkeys
the seven phyla of invertebrates
- Porifera (sponges)
- Cnidaria (jellyfish)
- Platyhelminthes (flatworms and roundworms)
- Annelida (segmented worms)
- Mollusca (clams, mussels, snails,
- Arthropoda (crabs, lobster, insects, spiders)
- Echinodermata (Sea Urchin, Sand Dollar)
Porifera
- Have no definite shape – asymmetrical;
- No tissues or organs
- Colony of specialized cells
- Immobile
- Good powers of regeneration (parts or whole body)
Skeleton of sponging (modified collagen) and spicules (hard crystal material) - For example glass sponge
Cnidaria
- Jellyfish, corals, anemones
- Radial symmetry (can be divided at any point into 2 matching halves)
- Primitive nerve net but no brain (very primitive/simplistic nervous system)
- 2-way digestive tract (a single opening that serves as both the mouth and anus)
- Stinging cells for capturing food.
Platyhelminthes
-First animals to exhibit bilateral symmetry (right and left sides are mirror images of one another)
- Have primitive brain
- 3 tissue layers (endoderm, mesoderm, & ectoderm)
- Includes free-living flatworms and parasitic flatworms (tapeworms, flukes)
Annelida
- Earthworms, sandworms, leeches
- Slightly more complex body plan, have many segments (like many rings joined together)
- Complete one-way digestive system/tract with mouth and anus
- Have well-developed digestive and circulatory systems (i.e. closed circulatory system - blood is limited to vessels)
Mollusca
- SOFT-BODIED ANIMALS
- Includes: snails, slugs, nudibranchs, chitons, limpets, clams, oysters, squid, octopus, nautilus, etc.
- Either have no shell, one shell, or two shells
- Contains a mass of soft flesh that covers the soft body and encloses internal organs
- Many have hard mouth parts used for feeding (radula in gastropods, beak in cephalopods).
Arthropoda
- JOINT-LEGGED ANIMALS
- Includes: insects, crustaceans, centipedes, millipedes, and arachnids (spiders)
- exoskeleton made of chitin (polysaccharide)
- must shed their exoskeletons in order to grow (they can develop a new exoskeleton once larger)
Echinodermata
- SPINEY-SKINNED ANIMALS
- Includes: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, and crinoids
- reverted back to radial symmetry (radial in adults / bilateral in larvae)
- tube feet and water vascular system (a hydraulic pressure system that help with locomotion, feeding/nutrient cycling, and respiration/gas exchange
- Most exhibit pentamerism (consisting of 5 parts)
how many classes are in the phyla Chordata?
there are 5 classes within Chordata
VERTEBRATES (CHORDATA) CLASSES
- Class Fish
- Class Amphibia
- Class Reptilia
- Class Aves (birds)
- Class Mammalia
