Prokaryotes/bacteria Flashcards
What is the evolutionary history of prokaryotes?
unknown
What is the first step of prokaryotic origin?
organics form (lipids, DNA, etc.)
Who made the experiment showing organics forming?
Stanley Miller
What makes organics form?
atmospheric gas, heat, and lightning
What is the second step of the prokaryotic origin?
phospholipids form spherical bilayers/membranes when mixed with water
What were the first prokaryotes considered?
membranes around RNA or DNA
What is extant bacteria?
bacteria not yet extinct
What are prokaryotic characteristics?
no nuclear envelope, no membrane bound organelles, no sexual reproduction
How can prokaryotes reproduce?
exchanging DNA (plasmids) via conjugation tube
What is the relationship between bacteria and DNA?
they can uptake, move around, produce, or replicate it
What are the two main types of bacteria?
true bacteria and archaebacteria
What are true bacteria’s cell wall made of?
peptiglycans (nitrogen sugar)
What is cyanobacteria?
blue green algae
What are the cyanobacteria’s thylakoid membranes?
invaginations of plasma membranes
What pigment does cyanobacteria have?
chlorophyll a
What is in chlorophyll a?
carotene, xanthophyll, and phycocyanin (reflects blue)
Cyanobacteria is covered in?
mucus
What are the parts of cyanobacteria mucus?
sheath, slime layer, and the matrix
What is the cyanobacteria mucus made of?
sugar polysaccharides
What is cyanobacteria a principal component of?
phytoplankton
What happens to cyanobacteria when around pollution?
rapid algae bloom
Cyanobacteria is the first organisms to do what?
split water and emit oxygen
What can UV light do?
cut DNA and convert oxygen to ozone (O3)
What can O3 (ozone) do?
absorb UV light
What is the most primitive bacteria type?
Archaebacteria
Where do archaebacteria live?
harsh enviornments
Do all bacteria have the same cell wall?
no, archaebacteria has different components
Where can methane occur?
in mines with coal and oil, and inside intestines
What do chemoautotrophic archeabacteria do?
it extracts e- from chemicals to add to CO2 (will make organics)
What bacteria is near thermal vents?
sulfolobus bacteria
