Fruit Flashcards
Fruit is defined as a what?
a structure with a mature pistil and seeds
What fruit is from 1 pistil of 1 flower?
simple fruit
What is the pericarp of a fruit?
the fruit wall
What is the outermost layer of the pericarp?
the exocarp
What is the middle layer of the pericarp?
the mesocarp
What is the inner layer of the pericarp?
the endocarp
How many types of fleshy fruits are there?
three
What is a drupe?
a fleshy fruit with a pit
What are some examples of a drupe?
peaches, olives, coconuts
What type of pericarp does a coconut husk have?
thin exocarp, thick mesocarp
What is a berry?
a fleshy fruit with many seeds
What are some examples of a berry?
peppers, tomatoes, grapes, bananas
What is a berry’s pericarp like?
thin exocarp, fleshy mesocarp, watery endocarp,
Seedless bananas come from where?
a mutant tree in Jamaica
How are bananas propagated?
cuttings
What berry has a thick exocarp?
bananas
What berries have hard exocarps?
watermelons, pumpkins, squash
What berries have leathery exocarp?
citrus
What is a pome?
a fleshy fruit where the lower portion of the receptacle expands and surrounds the pistil (edible over core)
What is dry fruit?
fruit when the pericarp is dry at maturity
What does dehiscent mean?
the fruit splits open when ripe
How many types of dehiscent fruit are there?
three
What is a follicle and example?
dry fruit that opens along 1 seam; milkweed
What is a legume and example?
dry fruit that opens along 2 seams; beans and peanuts
What is a capsule and example?
dry fruit that opens along 3 seams; okra
What does indehiscent mean?
fruit that does not split open when ripe
How many types of indehiscent fruit are there?
two
What are achenes?
the base of the seeds is fused to the endocarp
What is an example of achenes?
sunflower seeds
What is a samara?
the carpels of a pistil expand into wings
What is an example of samaras?
maple tree helicopters
What are the fruits from 1+ pistils and/or 1+ flowers?
aggregate and multiple fruits
What is aggregate fruit and example?
fruit from many pistils of 1 flower; blackberries and strawberries
Blackberry extract can cure what?
dysentery
What is multiple fruit and example?
fruit from pistils of multiple flowers; pineapple
