Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

Simple, unicellular organisms that do not have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- “pro” - before
- “karyotic” - nucleus
- unicellular

Question 2

Domain/s under prokaryotes

Answer 2

Archaea and Bacteria

Question 3

(Domain) a group of micro-organisms that are similar to, but evolutionarily distinct from bacteria. Many have been found living in extreme environments, for example at high pressures, salt concentrations or temperatures. These types of organisms are called extremophiles.

Answer 3

Archaebacteria/Archaea

Question 4

Archaeans that can survive in salt concentration at least five times greater than that of the ocean.

Answer 4

Halophiles

Question 5

Archaean that reproduces and grows best at low temperatures, typically in the range -10 to 20°C (14 to 68°F).

Answer 5

Psychrophiles

Question 6

Archaeans that can survive an optimum growth temperature of 50o or more, a maximum of up to 70oC or more

Answer 6

Thermophiles

Question 7

Archaea bacteria that produce methane as a metabolic by-product.
- common in wetlands, ocean environments, digestive tracts of animals

Answer 7

Methanogens

Question 8

(Domain) Prokaryotic microorganisms consisting of a single cell lacking a nucleus and containing DNA in a single circular chromosome.

Answer 8

Eubacteria/Bacteria

Question 9

When does E. Coli become harmful

Answer 9

When it transfers from intestines (where it is found) to another part of our body

Question 10

an irregularly-shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material. In contrast to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, it is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

Answer 10

nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like)

Question 11

Cell wall of a bacteria

Answer 11

peptidoglycan

Question 12

cell wall of an archea

Answer 12

pseudopeptidoglycan

Question 13

a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found as small circular, double-stranded DNA molecules in bacteria; however, they are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms.

Answer 13

plasmids

Question 14

microscopic “factories” found in all cells, including bacteria. They translate the genetic code from the molecular language of nucleic acid to that of amino acids—the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are the molecules that perform all the functions of cells and living organisms.

Answer 14

ribosomes

Question 15

promote bacterial adhesion to surfaces or interaction with other organisms; act as a permeability barrier, as a defense mechanism against phagocytosis and/or as a nutrient reserve
- found outside the cell wall

Answer 15

capsule

Question 16

All prokaryotic cells have a stiff _______, located underneath the capsule (if there is one). This structure maintains the cell’s shape, protects the cell interior, and prevents the cell from bursting when it takes up water.

Answer 16

cell wall

Question 17

a lipid bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell. It physically separates the cytoplasm from the outside environment.

Answer 17

plasma membrane

Question 18

are protein structures that extend from the bacterial cell envelope for a distance up to 2 μm (Figure 3). They function to attach the cells to surfaces.
- sex _____ are used for DNA exchange

Answer 18

pili/fimbriae

Question 19

primarily a motility organelle that enables movement and chemotaxis. Bacteria can have one of this or several
- hairlike

Answer 19

flagella

Question 20

eukaryotes

Answer 20

organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
- either unicellular or multicellular
- true nucleus

Question 21

Domain/s of eukaryotes

Answer 21

Eukarya

Question 22

Cell wall of plant cells

Answer 22

Cellulose

Question 23

Kingdom that includes green, brown and red algae, liverworts, mosses, ferns and seed plants with or without flowers.
- They are eukaryotic and multicellular.
- Their cells have cellulose walls.
- Majority have transport system.
- They have photosynthesis hence autotrophic.
- Reproduction is both asexual and sexual.
- They show alternation of generation

Answer 23

Kingdom Plantae

Question 24

Kingdom under eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. The organisms found under this kingdom contain a cell wall and are omnipresent. They are classified as heterotrophs among living organisms.

Answer 24

Kingdom fungi

Question 25

This kingdom constitutes all animals. Amongst the five kingdoms, It is the largest kingdom. They are multicellular eukaryotes. However, like plants, they do not possess chlorophyll or a cell wall. Therefore, members exhibit a heterotrophic mode of nutrition.

Answer 25

Kingdom Animalia

Question 26

a group of all the eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants. As a result, it is a very diverse group of organisms.
Most have mitochondria. They can be parasites. They all prefer aquatic or moist environments.

Answer 26

kingdom protista

Question 27

True or False: prokaryotes contain cytoskeleton

Answer 27

True

Question 28

DNA form of Eukaryotes

Answer 28

Linear

Question 29

DNA form of Prokaryotes

Answer 29

Circular

Question 30

Which is larger and more complex, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 30

eukaryotes