Plant Tissues Flashcards
Main Tissues in Plant
meristematic and permanent tissues
Tissues that are responsible for plant growth. The cells present in these tissues constantly divide to produce new cells. This leads to an increase in the height and girth of plants.
- found in the growing areas of plants
meristematic tissues
tissues in a plant that contain nondividing cells. The cells are also modified to perform specific functions in plants. The cells of this tissue are derived from the meristematic tissue. The cells are also fully differentiated. (matured merismatic tissue)
permanent tissue
types of merismatic tissue
apical and lateral meristem
meristematic tissues that are responsible
for the primary growth of plants.
- located at the tip of the root and shoot
apical meristem
meristematic tissues that are responsible for the secondary growth of plants.
- increases the diameter of the plant
- located at the stems and roots at lateral side
lateral meristem
two types of lateral meristem
vascular cambium and cork cambium
lateral meristem that gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem. (Secondary xylem gives rise to wood.)
vascular cambium
parts of wood
heartwood - dead cells, dense
sapwood - alive and functional xylem (lighter)
what does the circles of wood of a tree determine
the age of tree, climate, season
lateral meristem that gives rise to cork cells which replaces the epidermis of plants once they mature. This, along with cork and phloem make up the bark.
cork cambium
Permanent tissue that is composed of only one kind of cell
Simple permanent Tissue
Permanent tissue that is composed of two or more kinds of cells
Complex permanent Tissue
Two types of simple permanent tissue
epidermal and ground tissue
It covers the whole body of nonwoody and young woody plants and is protected by a waxy cuticle.
Epidermis
Simple permanent tissue - epidermal
What does the cuticle do in the epidermis?
prevents loss of water
and invasion of disease-causing
microorganisms.
Simple permanent tissue - epidermal
The epidermis in roots has _________ which help in increasing the absorption capacity of roots.
root hairs
Simple permanent tissue - epidermal
In leaves and in stems, the epidermis has _________. These hair-like outgrowths prevent water loss and reflect excess light.
trichomes
Simple permanent tissue - epidermal
The _______ and _____ parts of leaves are protected by the epidermis.
lower and upper
Simple permanent tissue - epidermal
The lower epidermis of a leaf has
___________. They are specialized structures that regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
guard cells
are slit-like structures on the lower epidermis of leaves that aids in the exchange of gases between plants and the environment.
stomata
These cell types primarily support storage, and mechanical support, but can also serve for food production in the photosynthetic cells, or serve in wound healing and regeneration, depending on which class of cells they belong to.
ground tissue/fundamental tissue
cells in ground tissue that are mostly responsible for
the synthesis and storage of plant food. Thin-walled and alive at maturity.
parenchyma
cells in ground tissue that provides furnishing
flexible support to immature parts of plants. Thick-walled and alive at maturity
collenchyma
cells in ground tissue that are thick-walled and dead at maturity. Provide support to the plant’s body.
sclerenchyma
The only complex permanent tissue in plants
Vascular Tissues
Two types of vascular tissue
Xylem and Phloem
the specialised tissue of vascular plants that transports water and nutrients from the plant–soil interface to stems and leaves, and provides mechanical support and storage. (upward)
xylem
cell types of xylem
tracheids, vessel elements, xylem parenchyma cells, fibers
xylem cells that are thin and
elongated where water passes
through.
tracheids
xylem cells that have perforated plates that allow the transport of
water through the vessels.
vessel elements
the vascular tissue in charge of transport and distribution of the organic nutrients and food. (upward and downward)
phloem
cell types of phloem
companion cells, sieve tube elements, phloem parenchyma cells, fibers
Phloem is composed of
_____________ that help in the transport of nutrients throughout the plant’s body.
sieve tube elements
Plant tissue is divided on the basis of?
function, shape, and size
Defending tissues of the plant
Cork and Epidermis
found between the upper and lower epidermis; it aids in gas exchange and photosynthesis via chloroplasts.
mesophyll
