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Biol-31 > Prokaryote Classifications > Flashcards

Prokaryote Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

What does obligate mean in regards to bacteria?

A

The bacteria is dependent on a host for survival.

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2
Q

What does facultative mean in regards to bacteria?

A

It is capable of living outside of a host.

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3
Q

What does oligotrophs mean?

A

It can thrive in nutrient scarce conditions.

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4
Q

What are the key features of the alphaproteobacteria?

A

They can be obligate or facultative bacteria.
They are oligotrophs.

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5
Q

What are the key bacteria featured in alphaproteobacteria?

A
  1. Rickettsias: obligate found in ticks (Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
  2. Bartonella: trench fever, cat scratch
  3. Brucella: Brucellosis in cattle and humans
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6
Q

What are key features of the betaproteobacteria?

A
  1. metabolic diversity
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7
Q

Key bacteria from the betaproteobacteria family?

A

Neisseria!! (capsulated)
1. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
2. Neisseria Meningitidis
Bordetella pertussis: whooping cough
-capsulated

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Gammaproteobacter?

A
  1. largest class of gram - bacteria
  2. metabolically diverse
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9
Q

Key species from Gammaproteobacter?

A
  1. Pseudomonas
    -antibiotic resistant
  2. Vibrio
    -causes cholera, GI + skin infections
  3. Ecoli
  4. Salmonella
  5. Legionella
    -contaminated water
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10
Q

What are the key characteristics of Deltaproteobacter?

A
  1. small class of gram - bacteria
  2. includes sulfate-reducing bacteria
    -uses sulfate as the final electron acceptor in the ETC
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11
Q

Key species from the Deltaproteobacter?

A
  1. Bdellovibrio: a bacterial parasite!!
    -gram negative, parasitzes other gram negative bacteria
  2. Myxobacteria: soil scavengers
    -gram negative, intercellular communication
  3. Desulfovibrio
    -sulfur reduction, waste removal?
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12
Q

What are the key features of the episolonproteobacter?

A
  1. smallest class of the proteobacter
  2. gram -
  3. campylobacter–> food poisoning
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13
Q

Key species of the episolonproteobacter?

A
  1. Campylobacter-food poisoning
  2. Helicobacter pylori- survives stomach acid and can lead to stomach ulcers
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14
Q

What are the key species of the non-proteobacteria gram negative?

A
  1. Chlamydia
    -can lead to blindness
    -extremely resistant to cellular defenses
    -elementary bodies
    -obligate
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15
Q

What are the key features of the spirochetes?

A

-highly motile: axial filament, internal flagella
-don’t stain well, must use darkfield/fluorescent

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16
Q

What are the key species of the spirochetes?

A
  1. Treponema!!
    -Treponema Pallidum: syphilis
  2. Borrelia
    -Lyme disease spread by ticks
17
Q

What does CFB stand for? This is a type of prokaryotic classification.

A

Cytophaga, Fusobacteriusm, and Bacteriodes

18
Q

What is the key features of the CFB group?

A
  1. gram -
  2. rod-shaped—> anaerobic environments
    3.mutualistic environment with humans
  3. ferment cellulose
  4. bacteroides–> 30% of human gut
19
Q

What are the key features of the planctomycetes?

A
  1. Reproduce by budding
    -mother cell becomes a bud
    - bud detaches > independent cell
    -Sessile cells >reproduce
    -Swarmer cells > sessile cells
20
Q

What are the key features of the Phototrophic group?

A
  1. photosynthesis
  2. bacteria in this group are sorted into two groups (based on color):
    - sulfur bacteria
    -nonsulfur bacteria
21
Q

Key species from phototrophic?

A
  1. Cyanobacteria: produce 70-80% of the world’s oxygen
22
Q

Key species from Gram Positive Bacteria: High G+C Content group?

A
  1. Actinomyces: cause disease in the mouth, but important for soil ecology.
  2. Mycobacterium: cause tuberculosis and leprosy
  3. Corynebacterium: causes diphtheria, respiratory
  4. Bifidobacterium: prevalant in gut» probiotics
  5. Gardnerella&raquo_space; causes pathogen in vagina
23
Q

Key features from Gram Positive Bacteria: High G+C Content group?

A

-can produce antibiotics
- important for decomposition of organic matter in soil

24
Q

Key features from Gram Positive Bacteria: Low G+C Content group?

A
  1. obligate + endospores
    2.produces endotoxins
  2. generally antibiotic resistant
25
Q

Key species from Gram Positive Bacteria: Low G+C Content group?

A
  1. Clostridium!!
    - C. botulinum»paralysis
    - C. difficile»severe diarrhea
  2. Streptococcous!! (MRSA and VRSA)
    -S. pneumoniae: pneumonia, meningitis, speticemia
    -S.pyogenes: necrotic
  3. Bacillus
    B. Anthracis: anthrax
    B. cereus: food poisoning
  4. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae: atypical pneumoniae
26
Q

Features of Gram Positive Bacteria: Deeply Branching Bacteria?

A

-clues about ancient/extinct forms
- survive at high temperatures
-produces molecular hydrogen

27
Q

Features of Archaea?

A

-unicellular, different from bacteria
-psuedopeptidoglycan

Biol-31 (11 decks)

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