Project Cost Management Flashcards

1
Q

Project Cost Management

A

Includes processes involved in planning, estimating, budgeting, financing, funding, managing and controlling costs so that the project can be completed within the approved budget

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2
Q

budget

A

spreads cost over time, allocating funds to the resources needed to have the project meet its schedule

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3
Q

contingency reserve

A

costs of the response solutions from known project risks

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4
Q

cost baseline

A

the approved version of the time phased project budget, excluding any management reserves; basis for comparison to actual results; only changed through change control process; includes contingency reserves

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5
Q

Cost Management Tailoring Considerations (5)

A
  1. knowledge management
  2. estimating an budgeting
  3. earned value management (EVM)
  4. agile methodologies
  5. governance
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6
Q

Cost Management Trends and Practices

A
  1. earned value management

2. earned schedule

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7
Q

Earned Value Management (EVM)

A

methodology that combines scope, schedule and resource measurements to assess project performance and progress against the project baseline
SV = EV - PV (schedule variance = earned value - planned value)
best technique for controlling costs

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8
Q

Earned Schedule (ES)

A

TV = ES - AT (time variance = earned schedule - actual time)

If TV is positive the project is ahead of schedule, if negative it is behind schedule

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9
Q

Plan Cost Management

A

planning ahead for how costs are estimated, allocated, and controlled

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10
Q

cost management plan

A

documents cost management processes; defines how the project costs will be estimated, budgeted, managed, monitored, and controlled; may establish: units of measure, level of precision, level of accuracy, procedures; thresholds; reporting formats

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11
Q

Estimate Costs

A

sets the stage for the budget and allows you to consider the features and details of project activity; develop an approximation of the cost of resources needed to complete project work; include input from subject matter experts (SMEs)

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12
Q

cost estimate

A

a quantitative assessment or prediction of the likely costs of resources required to complete work (labor, materials, equipment, services, facilities); include contingency reserve; included basis for estimate and assumed accuracy

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13
Q

progressive elaboration

A

as the project progresses, the scope will become clearer and estimates will become more accurate

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14
Q

Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM)

A

estimate of the costs provided in the early stages of a project when scope and requirements not fully defined

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15
Q

analogous cost estimate

A

uses historical data from a similar activity to compare current work to previous similar work; ratio of current work to previous work is multiplied by previous cost

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16
Q

parametric estimating

A

uses statistical relationship between historical data and other variables to calculate a cost estimate

17
Q

bottom-up estimating

A

takes detailed estimates at the work package level to determine the most accurate estimate

18
Q

three point estimating

A

used to account for uncertainty in the cost estimate
(estimate, optimistic, most likely, pessimistic)
cE = (cO + cM + cP) / 3
cE = (cO + 4cM + cP) / 6 —> beta distribution equation

19
Q

Determine Budget

A

aggregate estimated costs of individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost baseline

20
Q

project budget

A

includes all of the funds authorized to execute the project

21
Q

Control Costs

A

monitor the budget to look for variances from the approved cost baseline; requires knowledge of actual costs spent to date and analyzing the relationship between the consumption of funds to the work being required; isolate and understand variances from approved cost baseline; preventing unapproved changes; informing stakeholders

22
Q

work performance information

A

information on how the project work is performing compared to the cost baseline

23
Q

budget at completion (BAC)

A

total budget allocated to the project

24
Q

estimate at completion (EAC)

A

expected total cost of completing all work expressed

EAC = AC + ETC (actual cost + estimate to complete)

25
earned value analysis (EVA)
shows the health of the project be integrating scope, schedule, and cost; can be reported for current period, cumulatively, and forecast; efficiency required to complete the project
26
planned value (PV)
authorized budget assigned to schedule work; also referred to as performance measurement baseline (PMB)
27
earned value (EV)
measurement of work performed until a specific date; monetary value as a result of work performed; used to calculate percent complete
28
actual cost (AC)
budget spent until a specific date for the work performed until that date
29
variance analysis
collects and assembles information on project performance variances; schedule, cost, quality
30
variance at completion (VAC)
projection of the amount of budget deficit or surplus expressed as the difference between the budget at completion and the estimate at completion VAC = BAC - EAC
31
schedule variance (SV)
measure of schedule performance | SV = EV - PV (earned value - planned value)
32
cost variance (CV)
amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given point in time | CV = EV - AC (earned value - actual cost)
33
schedule performance index (SPI)
measure of schedule efficiency; if the result is greater than 1 more work was completed than planned SPI = EV / PV (earned value / planned value)
34
cost performance index (CPI)
measures the cost efficiency of budgeted resources; if the result is greater than 1 the project is saving money CPI = EV / AC (earned value / actual cost)
35
trend analysis
examines project performance over time to determine if performance is improving or deteriorating; represented by lines on a chart EAC = AC + (BAC - EV)
36
reserve analysis
used to monitor the status of contingency and management reserves to determine if these reserves ares still needed or if additional reserves should be requested
37
to-complete performance index (TCPI)
measurement of the cost performance that should be achieved with the remaining resources in order to meet management goal; indication of efficiency needed TCPI = (BAC - EV) / (BAC - AC)