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American history > Progressivism And Imperialism > Flashcards

Progressivism And Imperialism Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the progressive presidents?

A
  • McKinley ?
  • T. Roosevelt
  • Taft
  • Woodrow Wilson
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2
Q

What factors affected progressivism?

A
  • Regulate big buisness
  • Political Reforms
  • Social Justice and Welfare Reforms
  • Influence of Middle Class
  • Religious Influence
  • Influence of Media
  • Left Wing Threat
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3
Q

When did McKinley serve?

A

1897-1901

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4
Q

When did Roosevelt serve?

A

1901-09

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5
Q

When did Taft serve?

A

1909-13

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6
Q

When did Wilson serve?

A

1913-21

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7
Q

What evidence is there of Progressivism under Roosevelt?

A
  • ‘Square Deal’
  • Used Sherman Anti-Trust act to prosecute 24 companies
  • Elkins and Hepburn Act - made railroad rebate prices illegal
  • Abritions to solve disputes between workers and managers
  • Conservation areas
  • Burau of Corporations - investigated trusts
  • Civil Service Jobs on Merit
  • Pure Food and Drugs Act
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8
Q

What evidence is there of lack of Progressivism under Roosevelt?

A
  • Senate and Supreme Court didn’t agree with some acts
  • He divided the Republican Party by creating the Progressive Party
  • Failed to convince to pass more bills
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9
Q

What was Populism

A
  • Negative reaction to laissez Faire approach
  • Made of: Bimetalists, Workers and Farmers
  • Party was founded in 1882
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10
Q

What did the populist party want to do?

A
  • Ocala Demands:
  • Control of railway
  • 8 hr working Day
  • Opposed gold standard
  • Direct election of senators
  • Income Tax
  • Regulation of prices
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11
Q

Why did the Populist Party end?

A
  • Big business and newspapers supported Republicans - spent millions to get McKinley in power.
  • Economy improved after 1896 (tariffs went up by 50%)
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12
Q

How did Cleveland’s 2nd Term boost Populism?

A
  • Panic of 1892 (unemployment)
  • Withdrew Silver Purchase Act
  • Close to J P Morgan
  • Lowered Tariffs
  • Sent troops to strikes
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13
Q

What did the Dingley Act do?

A
  • Raise Tariffs by 50%
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14
Q

What happened in the 1896 election?

A
  • Populist Party sided with the Democrat Candidate - William Bryan
  • Election was first where modern campaigning methods were used
  • Democrats didn’t have enough money as republicans for campaign so he travelled across country.
  • McKinley won by 97 electoral college votes
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15
Q

What was the Progressive Movements political aims?

A
  • Votes for women
  • Change in parties - vote for candidates
  • Greater role of federal Government.
  • More democratic system
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16
Q

What was the Progressive Movements Economic aims?

A
  • Regulate big business - prevent fixed prices
  • Better working conditions (hours, pensions etc)
  • Use of silver and gold coinage
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17
Q

What was the Progressive Movements Social aims?

A
  • Emancipation of women (vote)
  • Better working and living conditions
  • Help African Americans
  • Prohibition
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18
Q

When and what was the Department of Commerce and Labour Act?

A

-1903
- had power to collect data from any business that dealt with interstate commerce (to regulate business)

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19
Q

What and when was the Hepburn Act?

A
  • 1906
  • Gave government power to inspect railroad company books
  • Laid down max rate that could be charged
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20
Q

What evidence is there of progressivism under Taft?

A
  • Continued Ant-Trust Policy’s -broke apart Starndard oil + American Tobacco
    -8 hr day for government jobs
    -16 Amendment - income tax
  • Creates a department to help with work conditions
  • Direct election of senators
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21
Q

What evidence is there of a lack of progressivism under Taft?

A
  • Only reduced Tariffs to 40%
  • Seemed to support Private ownership over conservation
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22
Q

What happened in the 1912 election?

A
  • Roosevelt set up the Progressive Party to challenge Taft
  • Made Republicans seem disorganised (made votes split between both parties)
  • Allowed Wilson (democrat) to win
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23
Q

What effected the economy in from 1890?

A
  • Industrial Growth
  • Depression of 1893
  • Agricultural Discontent
  • Trade Unions
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24
Q

What six area’s did Wilson change in progressivism?

A
  • Banking
  • Trusts
  • Tariffs
  • Tax
  • Social
  • African-Americans
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25
Q

How did Wilson help banking?

A
  • Created the Federal Reserve Act 1913 - centralised banking system
  • Supervised and sent Money to Federal Reserve Board
  • meant money no longer depended on gold
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26
Q

How did Wilson effect trusts?

A
  • Federal Trade commission - investigated unfair prices + corporations
  • Clayton Anti-Trust Act - Gave power to those enforcing the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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27
Q

How did Wilson deal with Tariffs?

A
  • Underwood Tariffs
  • Reduced Prices of tariffs
28
Q

How did Wilson change Tax?

A
  • Income Tax was used to replace government income - taxed businesses and individuals
  • Federal Farm Load Act - reduced farm loan costs
29
Q

What social changes did Wilson make?

A
  • Federal Child Labour Act 1916 (dropped 2 years later)
  • Workmen’s Compensation Act - financial assistance to ill workers
  • Adamson Act - 8 hr work days for railroads
30
Q

How did Wilson affect the lives of African Americans?

A
  • He didn’t really help then (despite getting their vote)
  • Segreation continued
31
Q

What countries did the ‘New Immigrants’ come from?

A
  • Poland
  • Russia
  • Greece
  • Cuba
32
Q

What was the Red Scare?

A
  • A fear of communism - led to a fear of foreigners in America
33
Q

What was the 1908 Gentleman’s Agreement?

A
  • Between US and Japan
  • Stated neither wanted immigration form either company
34
Q

4 negative effects of Immigration?

A
  • Red Scare
  • Crime
  • Overcrowding
  • Literacy Tests
35
Q

2 positive effects of immigration?

A
  • Consumers
  • ## Cheap and plentiful supply of labour
36
Q

How much did American Manufactored exports grow by from 1908 to 1913?

A

77%

37
Q

Economically what was the period from 1890 to 1920 known as?

A

Second Industrial Revolution

38
Q

3 Reasons for Americas quick economic growth?

A
  • Immigration
  • Laissez Faire
  • Organised business
39
Q

What were the two major strike between 1890 and 1912?

A
  • Homestead Steel works 1892
  • Pullman Strike 1894
40
Q

What were 3 problems with Agriculture from 1890-1912?

A
  • Debt
  • Increased Prices
  • Drought
41
Q

Why was 1890 -1920 known as the ‘golden age’ for some farmers?

A
  • White farmers benefited from War as prices rose and exports increased
42
Q

How did American Industry benefit from WW1?

A
  • Increased exports (of steel, weapons etc)
  • Loans given to Allies
43
Q

What 4 things did the Governemt do to the economy during the war?

A
  • Stopped strikes by talking to unions
  • Took over railroads
  • Fixed wheat prices
  • National War Labour Board
44
Q

How did WW1 improve the lives of African Americans?

A
  • Encouraged civil rights movement (went abroad and saw democracy)
  • Migrated North
45
Q

What evidence is there of the lives of African American’s getting better from 1890 - 1920?

A
  • WW1 encouraged civil rights.
  • a Minority made economic improvements
  • Brooker Washington worked for Civil Rights
  • NAACP investigated racism.
  • Education increased
  • Many moved north for jobs (no segregation)
46
Q

What evidence is there that the lives of African Americans got worse?

A
  • Discrimiated (even in north) and segregated
  • Censorship on black newspapers
  • Lived in poverty
  • Plessy v Ferguson = segregation
  • Southern states introduced rules to stop from voting (tax, grandfather clause, literacy test etc)
  • Lynching Campaignes grew
  • Revival of KKK (Birth of a Nation
47
Q

What and when was the Pullman Strike?

A
  • 1894
  • National Strike that paralyse Railroads
  • Pullmans cut wages so ARU went on strike.
  • Cleveland sent troops (killed 4)
  • Ended as a failure
48
Q

What was the Omnibus Indictment Act?

A
  • Permitted the legal banning of strikes
  • Remained till 1930’s
49
Q

What and when was the Pittsburgh Steelworkers Strike?

A
  • 1892
  • Wage cutes - refused to speak to unions
  • Private detectives and strike breakers were brought in to stop strike
  • After 5 months with no wages, strikers began to starve and their actions collapsed
50
Q

What caused the Depression of 1893?

A
  • Reading Railroad declared bankruptcy
51
Q

What happened during the Depression of 1893?

A
  • 24 businesses failed per day
  • Triggered a 4 year depression
  • 15,000 companies and 600 banks closed
  • Unemployment reached 20%
52
Q

What did the 1893 Depression cause?

A
  • Repeal of the Silver Purchase Act (boosted business confidence)
  • Rise in progressivism
53
Q

What 5 factors allowed America to become more Expansionist?

A
  • Accidental Empire
  • Progressive Imperialism - Help others and spread Christian values
  • Preculsive Imperialsim - stop European colonies
  • Need For Market - more exports
  • End of the Frontier - needed to expand once they couldn’t go west
54
Q

What were the causes of the Spanish-American War?

A
  • 1898
  • USA felt Spain was treating Cuba too harshly - 200,000 deaths in concentration camps
  • Empasised by Yellow Press - Blamed Maine Explosion on Spanish
  • Public Opition
55
Q

What happened during the Spanish American War ?

A
  • 17000 troops sent to Cuba.
  • US defeated Spanish fleet in Battle Of Santiago
56
Q

What did the Treaty of Paris conclude?

A
  • Cuba Remainded independent
  • US could keep troops there (withdrew in 1902)
  • Dominated by Cuban sugar trade
  • US gained Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico
57
Q

How did Hawaii effect foreign Policy?

A
  • US marines tried to overthrow queen in 1893 - Cleveland vetoed this
  • Was annexed in 1898 and became an important Pacific Naval Base
58
Q

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

A
  • 1904
  • US to intervene in South America to prevent European colonisation
59
Q

What was Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy?

A
  • to further economic interest
  • promoting stability and excluding foreign powers
  • Guaranteeing loans with Foreign companies to promote trade
60
Q

How did the Panama Canal affect foreign policy?

A
  • Improved access to trade
  • 1915 - 1000 ships passed through
  • Completed in 1914
61
Q

What was the open door policy with china?

A
  • presence free trade
62
Q

What was America’s Navy like from 1890’s?

A
  • by 1900 US had 3rd largest Navy
  • Great White Fleet Travelled across the whole world to show dominance.
63
Q

What were the reasons behind neutrality for WW1?

A
  • Moral Dipolmacy - Wilson wanted to be the peacemaker.
  • Public option - Not their war (Europe)
  • Williams Jennings Bryan - Critic of the war
  • Britain and Freedom of the sea - British stopped US ships from entering Germany (upset big business)
64
Q

What were the reasons against neutrality for WW1? (Before 1916)

A
  • Shared Values with British - Wilson was an Anglo-Phile
  • Anti-German Properganda - Yellow Press
  • Trade - Greater with Britain
  • Unrestricted submarine warfare 1915 - Germany began to sink US ships going over the Atlantic.
65
Q

Why did the USA enter the war in 1917?

A
  • Resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare - German began to sink boats again. US broke of diplomatic relations
  • Zimmerman Telegram and German Activity in US - states they wanted Mexico to invade America on Germany’s side
  • Russian Revolution - had a temporary government, meant US would be on side of democracy

American history (4 decks)

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