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New Deal Flashcards

1
Q

What was the primary focus of US foreign policy from 1933 to 1941?

A

The primary focus was on isolationism and avoiding involvement in European conflicts.

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2
Q

True or False: The US adopted the Good Neighbor Policy during this period.

A

True

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3
Q

What was the purpose of the Good Neighbor Policy?

A

To improve relations with Latin American countries and promote mutual respect and trade.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ Act of 1935 aimed to prevent American involvement in foreign wars.

A

Neutrality

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5
Q

Which US President served from 1933 to 1945 and played a key role in shaping foreign policy during this period?

A

Franklin D. Roosevelt

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6
Q

What were the Neutrality Acts?

A

A series of laws passed in the 1930s to limit US involvement in overseas conflicts.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which event prompted the US to reconsider its isolationist policies?

A

The outbreak of World War II in Europe.

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8
Q

What was the impact of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941?

A

It allowed the US to provide military aid to Allied nations, marking a shift from isolationism.

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9
Q

True or False: The US officially entered World War II in 1941.

A

True

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10
Q

Which countries were considered the main Allies during this period?

A

United Kingdom, Soviet Union, China, and France.

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11
Q

What was the significance of the Atlantic Charter in 1941?

A

It outlined the goals for the post-war world and strengthened US-British relations.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The US implemented the ________ to support Britain before entering WWII.

A

Lend-Lease

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: What was a key reason for US economic support to Britain?

A

To prevent the spread of fascism.

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14
Q

What was the purpose of the Export Control Act of 1940?

A

To restrict sales of strategic materials to countries that threatened US security.

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15
Q

True or False: The US maintained a strict neutrality throughout the entire period from 1933 to 1941.

A

False

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16
Q

What was the significance of the Tripartite Pact signed in 1940?

A

It formalized the military alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan.

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17
Q

Which event directly led to the US entering World War II?

A

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The US’s policy of ________ involved providing support to nations resisting Axis powers.

A

Aid

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19
Q

What was the primary concern of the US regarding Japan in the late 1930s?

A

Japan’s expansion in Asia and the Pacific.

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: What was one outcome of the 1940 election regarding foreign policy?

A

Franklin D. Roosevelt was re-elected with a focus on supporting Allies.

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21
Q

True or False: The US had strong military alliances in Europe before 1941.

A

False

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22
Q

What was the main effect of the US’s isolationist policies in the 1930s?

A

It delayed US involvement in World War II.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The US provided ________ to the Soviet Union after it was invaded by Germany in 1941.

A

Lend-Lease aid

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24
Q

What was the role of the US in the League of Nations during this period?

A

The US was not a member and did not participate.

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25
What was one of the first acts of aggression by Germany that escalated tensions in Europe?
The invasion of Poland in 1939.
26
What was the AAA?
- Agricultural Adjustment Act - May 1933 - Solve overproduction - Government gave substadies to reduce acreage.
27
What was TVA?
- Tennesse Valley Authority - May 1933 - help underdevelopmented areas and poverty
28
What was the EBA?
- Emergency Banking Act - To build confidence in US Banking - Shut Banks for 5 days - Bank holidays - Allowed solvent banks to re-open - $1 bil to bank deposits - Bought stock to support banks
29
What was Glass-steagall?
- To prevent corruption and loss ofmoney in banking - Bank officals couldn’t take loans - Ensured bank deposits (even if closed)
30
What was SEC?
- Security Exchange Commision - Prevented corruption and fraud - Oversaw activity to prevent fraudualnt activity - Joesph Kennedy made head
31
What 3 measures of the First New Deal were made for Finance and Banking?
- Emergency Banking Acts (EBA) - Glass-Steagall - Security Exchange Commision (SEC)
32
What 2 measures of the First New Deal were to help with Agriculture?
- Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) - Tenessee Valley Authority (TVA)
33
What were some limits to the AAA?
- Put farmers out of work - Destoryed food when Americans were hungry
34
How many piglets were killed due to the AAA?
6 million
35
How much did farmer’s income raise by because of the AAA?
1932 - $4.5 Billion 1935 - $6.9 billion
36
What was the NIRA?
- National Industrial Recovery Act - Had the NRA and PWA
37
What was the NRA?
- National Recovery Administration - Oversaw industrial recovery - Suspended Anti-trust legislation for 2 years - promoted expansion - Regulated fair competeition
38
What was the PWA?
- Public Works Administartion - Expand roads, dams, schools ect - Funded $3.3 billion - Reduced unemployment - increased demand for concrete
39
How many schools did the PWA build?
13,000
40
How many miles of road did the PWA create?
50,000
41
What was limited to the NRA?
- Many of the codes were unworkable - Large companies didn’t follow them - Small companies struggled to implement them
42
What was the CWA?
- Civil Works Administration - Stop unemployment - Put 4 million to work on public projects
43
What were some limits to the CWA?
- Unemployment was still present - It closed after 4 months in march
44
What 3 measures were created by the First New Deal to help industries?
- Nation Recovery Administration (NRA) - Public Works Administration (PWA) - Civil Works Administration (CWA)
45
What was the FERA?
- Federal Emergency Relief Act - To help with unemployment - Splt $500 mil among states - Money was mostly payed back by public work programs
46
What was the CCC?
- Civilian Conservation Corpe - Reduce Unemployment - Young men were recruted by deparment of labour - Helped with reforestation and soil conservation
47
How many members did the CCC get?
500,000
48
How many meters of telephone wire did the CCC lay?
65,100
49
What were some limits to the FERA?
- Not very effective - Workers were refused office space - Limited funds (only get $25 a month - average = $100)
50
Why was the CCC limited in success?
- Only temporary - 6 months - Only for white males
51
What 2 measures of the first New Deal dealt with Relief?
- Fedral Emergeny Relief Act (FERA) - Civilian Conservation Corpe (CCC)
52
Who was Huey Long?
- Left wing govener of lusisiana - Believed the New Deal should do more to benefit the poor - “Share our wealth Campaign”
53
Who was Father Charles Coughlin?
- Part of National Union for Social Justice - Believed banks had too much power and the New Deal should do more. had 25 million listeners - Lost support due to anti-semetic comments
54
What was EPIC?
End Poverty in Calfornia
55
What are 3 examples of groups wanting less of the New Deal (right)?
- Liberty Leaguers - Big Business - Supreme Court
56
What are 5 examples of groups wanting more of the New Deal?
- Thunder on the Left - Haey Long - EPIC - Father Charles Coughlin - Old age revolting pension
57
What was “Black Monday”
- May 1935 - Supreme Court ruled the NRA unconstitutional
58
Why was the Supreme Court agisnt the New Deal?
- Was republican dominated - Ruled the NRA and AAA unconstitutional
59
How did the New Deal not benefit African Americans?
- no civil legislation - AAA + CCC worked against them - paid less
60
What was the negative effect of the New Deal on the economy?
- Did little to increase economy (most policies were contradictidory - did want to spend much) - Personal income decrease to $73 bil from $86 bil - Average wage decreased
61
How much did average wage decease by due to the New Deal?
-$25.03 per week to $23.89 10 years later
62
How did the New Deal not benefit women?
- Politicians didn’t see them as a priority - Economy Act didn’t allow members of the same family to work for the federal government. - NRA allowed for unequal wages - CCC Barred women
63
What was the Good Neighboor Policy?
- 1933 - Improved relations with Latin America - no exploitation
64
What was the 1935 Neutrality Act?
- Stopped weapon exports to countries at war
65
What was the 1936 Neutrality Act?
- Banned loans and credit to countries at war
66
What was the 1937 Neutrality Act?
- Introduced ‘Cash and Carry’ but no weapons
67
What was the 1938 Neutrality Act?
- ‘Cash and Carry’ - Must pay for in cash and not transported by US ships - Can be used for weapons (to help britain)
68
What was the “Quarentine Speech”?
- 1937 - By Roosevelt - Stated that peace-loving nations should break off from their aggressors (Japan, Germany and Italy)
69
Why did the US become more hostile to Japan from 1937?
- They invaded China - Rejected ‘open door’ policy
70
What US ship did Japan sink in 1937?
USS Panay
71
What did Japan proclaim in 1938?
- A New Order in East Asia - Turned into a Greater East Asia Co-proserity sphere (1940)
72
What was the Triparite Pact?
1940 - Alliance between Germany, Japan and Italy
73
How much money did Roosevet commit to defence in 1938?
$300 million
74
Why did the “cash and carry” system not end up working?
- France was defeated 1940 - Britian couldn’t afford it - so they traded 50 battle ships
75
What did Roosevelt promise in the 1940 election?
- “Our boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars”
76
What was the Lend Lease Act?
- May 1941 - Supplying weapons to democratic countries
77
What was the Atlantic Charter?
- August 1941 - Between Roosevelt and Churchill - How the world would look once Germany is defeated and to agree to share inteligence
78
What was the America First Committee?
- A reaction to conscription - Had 800,000 members
79
What did Congress do to Japan in 1940?
- Limited oil and steel supplies - Stopped sale of machinery
80
What did Congress do to Japan in 1941?
- Froze assets - Oil sanctions - Japan offered to withdraw fron SE asia if US + Britian stopped supplying china (US Didn’t respond)
81
When was Pearl Harbour?
- 7th of December 1941
82
how many american servicemen were killed at pearl harbour?
2,300
83
what did Japan destroy at Pearl Harbour?
- 180 US aircrafts - 7 Battleships
84
When did the US declare war on japan?
- 8th of December 1941
85
When did Germany and Italy declare war on the US?
- 11th of December 1941
86
What was the WPA?
- Works Progress Administration - Provided people with public work projects - By 1941 employed 25% of workforce - But had lower wages
87
What was the Wagner Act?
- allowed workers the right to choose thier unions - three-man National Labor Relations Board
88
What was the Social Security Act?
- 1935 - old age pension - unemployment insurance
89
What was the Banking Act?
- 1935 - Created a centralised banking system in washington

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