Progressive Movement Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Why did the Progressive Movement occur?

A
  1. Industrialization
  2. Urbanization
  3. Immigration
    all created challenges that needed to be fixed
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3
Q

What was the Progressive Movement?

A

An effort to use government power to regulate and improve society

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4
Q

What was the main demographic of people involved in the Progressive Movement?

A

Middle-Class men and women but was overall a very diverse group of reformers

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5
Q

What are some specific examples of different reform movements in the Progressive Movement?

A
  1. Protestant church leaders demanding temperance
  2. Politicians regulating monopolies & trusts
  3. Union leaders addressing workers rights
  4. Women demanding right to vote
  5. African Americans demanding greater equality
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6
Q

Who are Muckrakers? (Definition of the group)

A

People who attempted to expose problems in American society

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7
Q

Who are some important examples of Muckrakers?

A
  1. Ida Tarbell “History of Standard Oil”
  2. Jacob llRiis “How the other Half Lives”
  3. Lincoln Steffens “ The Shame of the Cities”
  4. Upton Sinclair “ The Junge”
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8
Q

What were two specific examples of progressive reform committees led by women?

A
  1. The National Child Labor Committee fought for laws banning child labor
  2. National Consumer’s League headed by Florence Kelley advocated for the rights of women in the workplace , laws against child labor etc
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9
Q

What was Muller vs Oregon (1908)?

A

Court ruled that laws protecting women to 10 hour days were constitutional

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10
Q

What were 3 main problems in cities that led to calls for urban reform?

A
  1. Poverty & Slums
  2. Political Corruption
  3. Alcoholism
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11
Q

What is Municipal Government Reform?

A

Voters electing heads of city departments such as fire, police, and sanitation

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12
Q

What was one specific example of a progressive governor who fought against corporate control of state politics and initiated other reforms in their state?

A

Governor Robert La Follete in the state of Wisconsin

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13
Q

What was Robert La Follete’s reform policies nicknamed?

A

The Wisconsin Idea

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14
Q

What were reform policies included in Robert La Follette’s Wisconsin Plan?

A
  1. Regulated public utilities
  2. Took on the powerful railroad company
  3. Adopted tax reforms
  4. Political Reforms
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15
Q

What were 6 specific examples of political reform during the Reform Movement?

A
  1. Australian or Secret Ballot
  2. Direct Primary
  3. Recall
  4. Initiative (Voters could introduce laws)
  5. Referendum
  6. 17th Ammendment
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16
Q

What was the 17th Amendment?

A

Rather than the state legislatures; voters could directly vote for senators

17
Q

What were the two sides of the Temperance Movement Debate and what were they nicknamed? Which type of people typically championed each side?

A

“Wet” - Against prohibition
“Dry”- Supporters of prohibition

“Wet” typically included Catholic Immigrants and City people

“Dry” typically included Protestant native born and rural people

18
Q

What were groups who advocated for temperence?

A

Women’s Christian Temperance Union: Large organization of women advocating for temperance

Anti-Saloon League: leading organization advocating for legal prohibition

19
Q

What strike showed Roosevelt’s policy towards labor relations and what did his response illustrate?

A

The Pennsylvania Coal Miners Strike of 1902. He attempted to mediate the dispute and when the land owners didn’t agree he threatened to send federal troops. This was a change from previous presidencies and shows him regulating businesses somewhat

20
Q

What was Roosevelt’s series of progressive reforms known as and what were the three main categories?

A

The Square Deal
1. Corporations: Control of corporations
2. Consumers: Consumer protection
3. Conservation: Conservation of the environment and its natural resources

21
Q

What was an example of a trust broken up by Teddy Roosevelt?

A

The Northern Securities Companies (railroad monopoly)

22
Q

What were three specific examples aside from trust-busting that show Roosevelt limiting the power of “bad” trusts?

A
  1. He increased the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission
  2. Elkins Act
  3. Hepburn Act
23
Q

What was the Elkins Act?

A

Increased penalties for rate rebates created by TR

24
Q

What was the Hepburn Act (1906)?

A

Gave the ICC the power to set maximum rates for railroads

25
What book raised awareness of the need for consumer protections during Roosevelt’s presidency?
The Jungle by Upon Sinclair which focused on the unsanitary condition of the meat company
26
What were 2 specific ways that Roosevelt increased consumer protections under his presidency?
1. Meat Inspection Act (1906): The federal government would regulate and inspect the meat industry 2. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906): Created the FDA & forced companies to comply with nutrition labels
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What was the Newlands Recalamation Act?
Money from sale of public bonds could be used for irrigation projects in the west
28
What was Dollar Diplomacy and who used it?
Taft and he encouraged businesses to invest money into strategic concerns in the U.S.
29
What led to increased calls for preservation?
1. Jack London’s “Call of the Wild” 2. Sierra Club
30
What caused the split in the Republic Party?
1. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act 2. Conservation of land
31
Who is an example of a press reformer?
1894: Dearnest Lloyd “Wealth Against the Commonwealth” - Actacks Standard Oil
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