Chapter 27 (Period 7.1)

Question 1

What marked a key change in American expansion in 1893?

Answer 1

Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the western frontier is closed

Question 2

What were the key motives for Imperialism?

Answer 2

Economic: Wanted access to new markets and to cheap raw materials

Political: Wanted to compete with other nations and not become a second-rate empire

Strategic: Wanted to acquire naval bases

Ideological: Idea of the “White Man’a Burden”

Question 3

What specific historian example shows the US desire to acquire naval bases overseas?

Answer 3

Alfred T.Mahan’s “ The Influence of Sea Power”

Question 4

What was a big reason for the construction of the Panama Canal?

Answer 4

The desire for naval bases Ideological

Question 5

What was a big reason for the construction of the Panama Canal?

Answer 5

The desire for naval bases

Question 6

What’s another piece of evidence that agrees with the White Man’s Burden?

Answer 6

Rev. Josiah Strong’s “Our Country” which states that Anglo-Saxon civilization is superior

Question 7

How did the U.S. slowly assert control over Hawaii?

Answer 7

Initially through American missionaries which led to American sugar and pineapple planters buying up the land

Question 8

Who is a major example of planter who helped America assert control over Hawaii?

Answer 8

The Dole Family

Question 9

When are what was the first US established naval base in Hawaii?

Answer 9

Pearl Harbor in 1887

Question 10

Who was Queen Liliuokalani and what happened to her?

Answer 10

An in-power advocate that Hawaii should controlled by Hawaiian People and was overthrown by plantation owners in 1893.

Question 11

When was Hawaii annexed and who annexed it?

Answer 11

1898 by William McKinley

Question 12

Who controlled Cuba in the 19th century?

Answer 12

Spain

Question 13

Who took controversial steps to the Cuban revolts against Spanish rule and what were they?

Answer 13

General “Butcher” Wyler and he implemented concentration camps which led to lots of starvation and disease among Cubans

Question 14

Why did the U.S care about the Cuban revolts against Spain?

Answer 14

1. The U.S. had investments in sugar plantations there
2. sympathy for the plight of the Cuban people
3. De Lome Letter

Question 15

What was a key factor in growing sympathy for the Cuban cause against Spain?

Answer 15

Yellow Journalism which exaggerated the reporting of Spanish injustices to increase viewership

Question 16

What was the De Lome Letter?

Answer 16

An occurrence when a Spanish official disrespected President McKinley hitting the pride of the American people

Question 17

What official event sparked the Spanish-American War?

Answer 17

The Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine off of the coast of Cuba and the Yellow Press blames Spain

Question 18

When did the United States declare war against Spain and when did the War end?

Answer 18

April 1898 - August 1898
Only 4 months long with 400 deaths

Question 19

What did John Hay nickname the Spanish American War?

Answer 19

A splendid little war

Question 20

What were some key battles and figures in the United States decimation of Spain?

Answer 20

• George Dewey crushes the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay
• Theodore Roosevelt led a volunteer regiment called the “Rough Riders” in the Battle of San Juan Hill

Question 22

What is the domestic response to the Treaty of Paris 1898?

Answer 22

Controversy in the United States over what to do with the newly acquired territories

Question 23

What does the Treaty of Paris 1898 states?

Answer 23

It stated that the United States would acquire Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Phillipines

Question 24

What was the group of people called who opposed the annexation of the Phillipines?

Answer 24

The Anti-Imperialist League

Question 25

What where 3 key members of the Anti-Imperialist League?

Answer 25

Andrew Carnegie, AFL Leader Samuel Grompers, Mark Twain, etc.

Question 26

Why was the Treaty of 1898 ratified?

Answer 26

Because McKinley favored expansion

Question 27

What was the Platt Ammendment?

Answer 27

- The replacement of the Teller Ammendment. - Made a Cuba a protectorate that could not sign a treaty withs foreign nation that limited its independence - The United States could maintain a naval base at Guantanamo Bay

Question 28

When did the US technically leave Cuba?

Answer 28

1902

Question 29

What was the Foracker Act 1900?

Answer 29

- Puerto Rico was granted limited degree of popular government but was withheld full self-rule

Question 30

What were the Insular Cases?

Answer 30

They stated that constitutional rights were not automatically extended to people in all U.S. territorial possesions

Question 31

Who was Emilio Aguinado?

Answer 31

The leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain who fought alongside the US with hopes of independence

Question 32

When did the Philippines officially receive independence?

Answer 32

1946

Question 33

What was a main reason that the US was interested in the Phillipnes?

Answer 33

They wanted access to the markets in China

Question 34

What was the Open Door Policy which John Hay announced in 1899?

Answer 34

That all nations should have equal trading rights with China to combat the exclusive Spheres of Influence which prohibited that

Question 35

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

Answer 35

An attempt to remove foreign influence such as Christianity from China but was put down by an international force which included the USA

Question 37

What is Big Sister policy that James G Blaine pushed?

Answer 37

It emphasized rallying the Latin American nations behind America’s leadership and the opening of Latin American markets to Americab traders.

Question 38

What is a specific instance that illustrates the US new aggressive nature?

Answer 38

The States risking to go to War with Germany over the Samoan Islands.

Question 39

What is the Great Rapprochement?

Answer 39

The reconciliation between the United States and Britain as their friendship became a key part of their foreign policies

Question 40

Who were

Question 41

What will Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy be?

Answer 41

Expansionist where he uses diplomacy often but doesn’t back down from using force” if necessary. “Speak softly but carry a big stick

Question 42

What is the importance of the Panama Canal and why were there so many attempts to build it?

Answer 42

It would dramatically cut down travel time. It held major trade and military implications as well.

Question 43

How is Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy demonstrated through the construction of the Panama Canal?

Answer 43

He initially tried to negotiate a pretty with Colombia but it was rejected so he supported the Panamanian Independence Movement to overthrow Colombia in order to build his canal.

Question 44

What was the name of the treaty that granted the United States the ability to construct the Panama Canal?

Answer 44

The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Question 45

When was the Panama Canal constructed and what was a consequence of it?

Answer 45

1904-1914 and strained relationships between the United States and Latin America

Question 46

What prompted Theodore Roosevelt to issue the Roosevelt Corollary?

Answer 46

Various Latin American nations such as Santo Domingo and Venezuela owed European countries such as Germany and England money so Europe kept intervening with Latin America by sending battleships.

Question 47

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

Answer 47

The US has the right to intervene in Latin America and will send the warships to collect the debt. This dramatically expanded the role the US had in Latin America

Question 48

What are some examples of when the Roosevelt Corollary was used?

Answer 48

Various presidents such as Wilson and Taft would send troops to Haiti, Honduras, the Dominican Republic, and Nicaragua.

Question 49

What does the Roosevelt Corollary illustrate?

Answer 49

Growing US presence abroad

Question 50

What was the Russo-Japanese War and why is it significant in US history?

Answer 50

It was Japan’s beatdown of Russia in 1905. Roosevelt helped negotiate the peace treaty and was worried that Japan was growing too powerful

Question 51

What was the Gentlemen’s Agreement?

Answer 51

Japan secretly agreed to restrict the emigration to America by Japanese workers while Roosevelt would pressure California to repeal its law that discriminated Asian-Americans. (San Francisco required Asian students to attend segregated schools)

Question 52

What was yellow peril?

Answer 52

Fears that Asians would invade the US lands and distrust western values.

Question 53

When and what was the Great White Fleet and what does it demonstrate?

Answer 53

In 1907-1908 when Roosevelt sends a new fleet of US battleships on a trip around the world to demonstrate US growing power.

Question 54

Who were insurrectos?

Answer 54

Cubans who torched cane fields and sugar mills to rebel against the Spanish which menaced US interests

Question 55

What was benevolent assimilation and who did the US use it on?

Answer 55

President McKinley’s plan to slowly assimilate the Filipinos through road improvements, sanitation, and public health. The plan also set ip a a school system with English as the second language

Question 56

What was the Filipino response to benevolent assimilation?

Answer 56

They hated it so they set up the Philippines Commission in 1899 to set up a Filipino government and they started a rebellion which involved 3 years of guerrilla warfare.

Question 57

What was the Root-Takahira Agreement between the US and Japan?

Answer 57

They agreed to respect each others’ territories in 1907