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AP US History > Chapter 11 & 12 Unit IDs > Flashcards

Chapter 11 & 12 Unit IDs Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

A

A land acquisition by the United States from France that more than doubled the size of the country

The U.S. acquired 828,000 square miles for about $15 million.

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2
Q

Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?

A

A self-educated ex-slave and military genius who led a slave rebellion in Haiti

His actions indirectly facilitated the sale of Louisiana to the United States.

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3
Q

What dilemma did Jefferson face regarding the Louisiana Purchase?

A

The conflict between his strict interpretation of the Constitution and the need for expansion

Jefferson believed the purchase was unconstitutional but recognized its importance for the nation.

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4
Q

What was Jefferson’s vision for the newly acquired territory?

A

To create a sprawling ‘empire of liberty’ that would ensure the health of America’s democracy

He viewed the vast domain as essential for an agrarian republic.

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5
Q

How did the Senate react to the Louisiana Purchase?

A

They promptly approved the transaction, reflecting public enthusiasm

The deal was seen as a magnificent real estate bargain by land-hungry Americans.

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6
Q

What precedent did the Louisiana Purchase set for future U.S. expansion?

A

Acquisition of foreign territory by purchase and incorporation into the Union as equal members

This marked a new form of imperialism with democratic principles.

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: Jefferson submitted the treaties to the Senate despite believing the purchase was _______.

A

unconstitutional

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8
Q

True or False: The Louisiana Purchase was seen as a potential cause for conflict with France.

A

True

Jefferson feared a rupture with France could lead to an alliance with England.

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9
Q

What legal code did the Washington government agree to accept in Louisiana?

A

French civil law

This was in contrast to the English common law used in the rest of the United States.

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10
Q

What was the area size of the Louisiana Purchase in square miles?

A

828,000 square miles

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11
Q

What was the cost per acre of the Louisiana Purchase?

A

About three cents per acre

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12
Q

What was the significance of the Election of 1800?

A

The Election of 1800 marked the loss of control of both the executive and legislative branches by the Federalists, leading to Thomas Jefferson becoming the 1st Democratic-Republican president.

It is often referred to as the ‘Revolution of 1800’ due to the peaceful transfer of power between political parties.

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13
Q

What did Thomas Jefferson mean by ‘We are all Republicans, We are all Federalists’?

A

This phrase emphasized unity among the American people despite political differences.

It was a call for reconciliation after a contentious election.

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14
Q

What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?

A

The Judiciary Act of 1801 was passed by Federalists to maintain power by creating new judicial positions.

These positions were filled by ‘Midnight Appointments’ made by President Adams before leaving office.

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15
Q

Who was William Marbury?

A

William Marbury was one of the midnight judicial appointees who sued Secretary of State James Madison for refusing to deliver his commission.

This lawsuit led to the landmark case Marbury v. Madison.

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16
Q

What was the outcome of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

A

The Supreme Court ruled that parts of the Judiciary Act of 1789 were unconstitutional, allowing Jefferson to win but establishing the Court’s authority on constitutional matters.

This case established the principle of judicial review.

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17
Q

What did Jefferson love?

A

Jefferson loves “Jeff” and small boats.

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18
Q

What important idea did Jefferson establish?

A

He established the idea of judicial review.

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19
Q

What power does the Supreme Court have?

A

The Supreme Court has the power to declare federal laws unconstitutional.

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20
Q

Who dramatically increased the power of the federal government?

A

Chief Justice John Marshall.

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21
Q

What were the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans’ beliefs?

A

They believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution and a limited federal government.

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22
Q

What were some of Jefferson’s policies?

A

He eliminated excise taxes, lowered the national debt, and reduced the size of the military.

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23
Q

Did Jefferson dismantle all of the Federalist’s policies?

A

No, he kept the Bank of the United States and the debt plan.

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24
Q

What did Jefferson attempt to buy from France?

A

Jefferson attempted to buy New Orleans.

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25
Q

Why was France willing to sell the Louisiana territory?

A

France was trying to re-establish an empire in North America and needed funds due to the Haitian Revolution.

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26
Q

How much did Napoleon offer to sell the Louisiana territory for?

A

$15 million.

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27
Q

What constitutional issue did Jefferson face when purchasing land?

A

The Constitution does not explicitly say the President could purchase land.

28
Q

How did Jefferson justify the purchase of Louisiana?

A

He used loose construction of the Constitution and implied powers to support the deal.

29
Q

What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase?

A

It doubled the size of the U.S. and supported Jefferson’s vision of an agrarian society of independent farmers.

30
Q

How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the Federalist party?

A

It further weakened the Federalist party by promoting land that was more agricultural than urban.

31
Q

Who led the exploration of the trans-Mississippi West?

A

Lewis and Clark led a scientific exploration of the trans-Mississippi West.

32
Q

What was one outcome of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

A

It marked the start of U.S. claims to the Oregon territory and the Pacific coast.

33
Q

What conflicts arose from the Louisiana Purchase?

A

It led to conflicts with other nations and Native Americans.

34
Q

What did Aaron Burr plot to do?

A

Burr plotted with radical Federalists to secede New England states from the union.

35
Q

Who helped defeat Aaron Burr in the election?

A

Alexander Hamilton helped defeat Burr in the election and exposed his plans.

36
Q

What happened between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton in 1804?

A

Burr killed Hamilton in a duel.

37
Q

What was the outcome of Burr’s trial for treason?

A

Burr was acquitted by Marshall because he only used free speech.

38
Q

What caused problems for the United States during the war in Europe?

A

Violations of U.S. Neutrality.

39
Q

What is impressment?

A

Forced enlistment of Americans into the British navy.

40
Q

What did France issue in 1806 that affected U.S. neutrality?

A

The Berlin Decree, which required ships to stop in England before going to Europe.

41
Q

What was the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair?

A

An incident in 1807 where the English ship Leopard attacked the American ship Chesapeake along the coast of Virginia.

42
Q

What were the casualties of the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair?

A

3 people killed and 4 taken.

43
Q

What was Jefferson’s response to the violations of neutrality?

A

He issued the Embargo Act of 1807.

44
Q

What did the Embargo Act of 1807 do?

A

Banned U.S. trade with all foreign nations.

45
Q

What was the impact of the Embargo Act of 1807?

A

It had a negative impact, especially on the New England colonies, leading to widespread smuggling.

46
Q

What were the unintended consequences of the Embargo Act of 1802?

A

It helped fuel the industrial revolution in the New England region.

This was the only positive effect.

47
Q

What action did Jefferson take regarding the Embargo Act?

A

Jefferson repealed the Embargo Act just before he left office.

48
Q

Who became president in 1809?

A

James Madison became president in 1809.

49
Q

What was the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809?

A

It allowed the United States to trade with all nations except France and England.

50
Q

What was the economic impact of the Non-Intercourse Act?

A

It didn’t do much to improve the economy, which continued to suffer.

51
Q

What was Macon’s Bill #2?

A

It stated that the US would end the embargo if a country respected its neutrality and freedom of the seas.

52
Q

What was the response of France to Macon’s Bill #2?

A

France temporarily agreed but then started seizing ships again, leading to the War of 1812.

53
Q

Who were the ‘War Hawks’ elected in 1811?

A

Members of Congress who advocated for war against England, including Henry Clay.

54
Q

What were the goals of the War Hawks?

A

To stop British harassment, wipe out Native resistance on the frontier, and take Canada from England.

55
Q

Who were the Shainee brothers involved in Native resistance?

A

The Shainee brothers were Tecumseh and ‘the Prophet’ who organized a confederacy of tribes east of the frontier.

56
Q

What action did William Henry Harrison take against Native resistance?

A

William Henry Harrison organized an army and attacked Native resistance in 1811 at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

This battle was a huge blow to Native resistance and a win for American expansion.

57
Q

What were the reasons James Madison declared war in 1812?

A

Reasons included England’s arming of Natives on the frontier, continued violations of US neutrality, pressure from War Hawks in Congress, and a desire for more land and to protect American honor.

58
Q

Which political party tended to favor France during the War of 1812?

A

The Democratic-Republicans tended to favor France.

59
Q

What factors contributed to the Federalists’ loss during the War of 1812?

A

Factors included a split between Adams and Hamilton, the Alien & Sedition Acts, a lack of war with France, and huge public debt and new taxes.

60
Q

What criticism did Republicans have against Jefferson?

A

Republicans attacked Jefferson for his relationship with Sally Hemmings.

61
Q

What was the consequence for Federalists accused of treason?

A

Federalists committed treason but were never trialed.

62
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

One of the issues England was preoccupied with during the Treaty of Ghent that including redrawing the map of Napoleon’s Europe. Led to England compromising in treaty

63
Q

Rush-Bagot Agrement

A

Put an end to arms race between US and British on the Great Lakes in 1817.

64
Q

What factors stimulated the western boom?

A
  • economic distress after Embargo Act
  • Crushing of Natives by Generals Harrison and Jackson
  • Building of highways to improve connection like Cumberland Road
  • Use of the first steamboat on western waters
65
Q

Land Act of 1820

A

Ended the ability to purchase American lands on credit alone and they needed to pay minimum of $1.25 per acre. It demanded cheap labor and got that with this

AP US History (4 decks)

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