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GNAV > Progress test 3 > Flashcards

Progress test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is scale correct on a Transverse Mercator chart?

a. Along the great circle of tangency
b. At the Greenwich meridian
c. At the poles and the equator

A

a. Along the great circle of tangency

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2
Q

The nominal scale of a Lambert conformal conic chart is the:

a. scale at the standard parallels
b. mean scale between pole and equator
c. scale at the equator

A

a. scale at the standard parallels

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3
Q

The scale quoted on a Lamberts chart is:

a. The scale at the Equator
b. The mean scale at the Parallel of the Secant of the Cone
c. The scale at the Standard Parallels

A

c. The scale at the Standard Parallels

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4
Q

In which of the following projections does a plane surface touch the Reduced Earth at one of the Poles?

b. Stereographic
c. Lambert’s
d. Direct Mercator

A

b. Stereographic

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5
Q

On a Mercator Chart, great circles are shown as:

a. Straight lines
b. Rhumb lines
c. Curves concave to the nearer Pole
d. Curves convex to the nearer Pole

A

d. Curves convex to the nearer Pole

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6
Q

On a Lambert conformal conic chart, the distance between parallels of latitude spaced the same number of degrees apart:

a. reduces between, and expands outside, the standard parallels
b. is constant between, and expands outside, the standard parallels
c. expands between, and reduces outside, the standard parallels

A

a. reduces between, and expands outside, the standard parallels

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7
Q

What is the main use of the Oblique Mercator chart?

a. Topographical chart of Equatorial regions
c. Route charts for selected Great Circle Routes
d. For better topographical coverage in Polar regions

A

c. Route charts for selected Great Circle Routes

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8
Q

On a Direct Mercator chart, a rhumb line appears as:

a. small circle concave to the nearer pole
b. straight line
c. spiral curve
d. curve convex to the nearer pole

A

b. straight line

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9
Q

The convergence of a Direct Mercator chart is:

a. given by the cosine of the parallel of origin
b. given by the sine of the parallel of origin
c. always 0°
d. given by the angular difference between the meridians

A

c. always 0°

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10
Q

On a conformal chart, scale is:

a. Constant along a parallel of latitude
b. Constant
c. Variable; it varies as a function of latitude and longitude
d. Constant along a meridian of longitude

A

a. Constant along a parallel of latitude

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11
Q

The appearance of a rhumb line on a Mercator chart is:

a. A straight line
b. A spiral curve
c. A curved line
d. A small circle concave to the nearer pole

A

a. A straight line

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12
Q

Convergency on a Transverse Mercator chart is correct at:

a. The Parallel of Origin
b. The datum meridian and the Equator
c. The datum meridian only
d. The Equator and the Poles

A

d. The Equator and the Poles

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13
Q

The angle between the plane of the ecliptic and the plane of the Equator is approximately:

a. 23.5°
b. 90°
c. 66.5°
d. 25.3°

A

a. 23.5°

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14
Q

The Earth makes an elliptical orbit around the Sun. The point where the Earth is closest to the Sun is called “and the date when it will pass this point is ___helion and occurs the third of ___.

A

perihelion, january

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15
Q

The main reason that day and night, throughout the year, have different duration is due to the:

a. Inclination of the ecliptic to the Equator
b. Relative speed of the sun along the ecliptic

A

a. Inclination of the ecliptic to the Equator

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16
Q

What is the highest latitude on the Earth at which the Sun can be vertically overhead: a. 66½°
b. 90° c. 45° d. 23½°

A

d. 23½°

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17
Q

Aphelion occurs in:

a. January
b. July

A

b. July

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18
Q

The mean sun

b. Is the middle position of the sun
c. Moves with constant speed along the celestial equator
d. Has a declination equal to the apparent sun

A

c. Moves with constant speed along the celestial equator

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19
Q

The times given for Sunrise, Sunset, Morning and Evening twilight in the Air Almanac

a. Are given in UTC
b. Are given in Standard time
c. Are given in LMT

A

c. Are given in LMT

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20
Q

A “day” is by definition

a. The period from morning to evening
b. The period elapsed between two successive transits of a heavenly body
c. The period in which day flying is authorised

A

b. The period elapsed between two successive transits of a heavenly body

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21
Q

The sun’s declination is…

b. The sun’s position relative to the ecliptic
d. The sun’s position relative to the plane of the Equator

A

d. The sun’s position relative to the plane of the Equator

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22
Q

At what times of the year does the length of the hours of daylight change most rapidly?

b. Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice
d. Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox

A

d. Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox

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23
Q

If it is 1200 Standard Time on 10th July in Queensland, Australia, the Standard Time in Hawaii, USA is:

c. 1000 ST 10 July
d. 1600 ST 09 July

A

d. 1600 ST 09 July

Mundu að það gerist allt seinna í vestrinu, svo það er ekki kominn nýr dagur þar.

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24
Q

The months in which the difference between mean noon and apparent noon is greatest are:

a. June and December
b. March and September
c. January and July
d. February and November

A

d. February and November

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25
Q

Consider the following statements on Sunrise and Sunset

a. In July the period of sunlight is longer at 1500S than at 1500N
b. At equator sunrise and sunset occur at quite regular times throughout the year
c. In May sunrise occurs later at 4500N than at 4500S

A

b. At equator sunrise and sunset occur at quite regular times throughout the year

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26
Q

The length of a apparent solar day is not constant because

b. The Sun’s declination is not constant
c. The Earth’s speed of revolution in its orbit varies continuously, due to the orbit being elliptical
d. The Earth’s speed of rotation is not the same at all latitudes

A

c. The Earth’s speed of revolution in its orbit varies continuously, due to the orbit being elliptical

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27
Q

If the LMT in position 54°40’S 000°00’ is 15:25, what is the UTC (or GMT) in position 54°40’S 180°00’?

A

Hún er 15:25.

Málið er að ef LMT er 15:25 á 00°00, þá er UTC það sama, því að UTC er bara LMT á Greenwich.

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28
Q

Consider the following statements on sunset:

a. For positions at the same longitude, sunset will occur simultaneously at all latitudes
b. Sunset is the time when the observer at sea level see the last part of the sun disappear
c. At sunset the centre of the sun is at the observers horizon

A

b. Sunset is the time when the observer at sea level see the last part of the sun disappear

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29
Q

On which projections is the light source at the centre of the earth?

b. Cylindrical and conical
c. All of them
d. Cylindrical and azimuthal (plane)

A

b. Cylindrical and conical

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30
Q

What are the three basic types of projection?

b. Cylindrical, spherical, azimuthal (or plane)
c. Cylindrical, conical, azimuthal (or plane)

A

c. Cylindrical, conical, azimuthal (or plane)

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31
Q

Where must the scale on the chart be the same as that on the Reduced Earth?

a. Where the paper touches the Reduced Earth
b. At the Poles
c. Everywhere
d. At the Equator

A

a. Where the paper touches the Reduced Earth

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32
Q

What are the 2 fundamental conditions for a chart to be orthomorphic?

a. Meridians must be shown as straight lines. Parallel must be shown as straight lines
b. Scale must be constant all over the chart. Scale must be correct all over the chart
c. Meridians and parallels must intersect at right angles. Scale should be the same (or change at the same rate) in all directions

A

c. Meridians and parallels must intersect at right angles. Scale should be the same (or change at the same rate) in all directions

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33
Q

Which property of an ‘ideal’ chart is essential for navigation?

b. Angles on the Earth’s surface should be represented by the same angle on the chart
c. Area should be correctly represented
d. Scale should be constant

A

b. Angles on the Earth’s surface should be represented by the same angle on the chart

34
Q

How did Mercator convert the simple perspective cylindrical projection into his orthomorphic projection?

a. He altered the spacing between the parallels to a secant relationship
b. He altered the spacing between the meridians to a secant relationship
c. He altered the spacing between the meridians to make them a tangent relationship
d. He altered the spacing between the parallels to make them equidistant

A

a. He altered the spacing between the parallels to a secant relationship

35
Q

How does scale change on a normal Mercator chart?

a. Correct on the standard parallels, expands outside them, contracts within them
b. Expands as the secant ² (½ co-latitude)
d. Expands directly with the secant of the latitude

A

d. Expands directly with the secant of the latitude

36
Q

On a Direct Mercator chart, a rhumb line appears as:

a. curve convex to the nearer pole
b. straight line

A

b. straight line

37
Q

On a Direct Mercator chart, great circles are shown:

a. Curves convex to the nearer pole
b. Straight lines
c. Curves concave to the nearer pole

A

a. Curves convex to the nearer pole

38
Q

On a Mercator Chart, great circles are shown as:

a. Curves concave to the nearer Pole
b. Curves convex to the nearer Pole
c. Straight lines

A

b. Curves convex to the nearer Pole

39
Q

The convergence of a Direct Mercator chart is

a. always 0°
b. given by the cosine of the parallel of origin
c. given by the angular difference between the meridians
d. given by the sine of the parallel of origin

A

a. always 0°

40
Q

What is the definition of the secant?

a. 1 / cosine
b. 1 / tangent
c. 1 / sine
d. 1 / cosecant

A

a. 1 / cosine

41
Q

Which one of the following, concerning Great Circles on a Direct Mercator chart, is correct?

a. They are all curves concave to the Equator
b. They are all curves convex to the Equator
c. With the exception of Meridians and the Equator, they are curves concave to the Equator

A

c. With the exception of Meridians and the Equator, they are curves concave to the Equator

42
Q

Why is a simple perspective cylindrical projection not orthomorphic?

a. Because the N/S scale expansion with latitude is a secant relationship but the E/W scale expansion with latitude is a tangent relationship
d. Because the N/S scale expansion with latitude is a tangent relationship but the E/W scale expansion with latitude is a secant relationship

A

d. Because the N/S scale expansion with latitude is a tangent relationship but the E/W scale expansion with latitude is a secant relationship

43
Q

On a Mercator chart, the scale:

c. Varies as the secant of the Latitude
d. Varies as 1/cosine of Latitude (1/cosine = secant)

A

c. Varies as the secant of the Latitude

44
Q

The scale on a Lambert’s conformal conic chart:

a. is constant across the whole map
b. is constant along a parallel of latitude
c. varies slightly as a function of latitude and longitude

A

b. is constant along a parallel of latitude

45
Q

You are heading 080°T when you get a range and bearing fix from your AWR on a headland at 185 nm 30° left of the nose. What true bearing do you plot on the chart?

a. 230 from the headland, using the headland’s meridian
d. 230 from the headland, using the aircraft’s meridian

A

d. 230 from the headland, using the aircraft’s meridian

46
Q

The length of a apparent solar day is not constant because

a. The Earth’s speed of rotation is not the same at all latitudes
b. The Sun’s declination is not constant
c. The plane of the Ecliptic and the plane of the Equator are inclined to each other
d. The Earth’s speed of revolution in its orbit varies continuously, due to the orbit being elliptical

A

d. The Earth’s speed of revolution in its orbit varies continuously, due to the orbit being elliptical

47
Q

The main reason that day and night, throughout the year, have different duration is due to the:

a. Gravitational effect of the sun and moon on the speed of rotation of the Earth
b. Earth’s rotation
c. Inclination of the ecliptic to the Equator

A

c. Inclination of the ecliptic to the Equator

48
Q

The sun’s declination is…

a. The sun’s position relative to the plane of the Equator
b. The sun’s position relative to the ecliptic

A

a. The sun’s position relative to the plane of the Equator

49
Q

What is a sidereal day?

a. The time taken for the earth to orbit round the Sun, divided by 365¼
b. The time taken for the earth to rotate through 360° with respect to a distant point in space
c. The time taken for the earth to rotate through 360° with respect to the Sun
d. A day lasting 24 hours, whatever the time of the year

A

b. The time taken for the earth to rotate through 360° with respect to a distant point in space

50
Q

Hver er formúla grivation?

A

Grivation = Variation + Convergence

51
Q

Hver er formúla grid track?

A

GT = TT +/- Convergency

Setur plús ef það er west nema öfugt ef þú ert að vinna í s-hveli

52
Q

Grivation 6°W og variation 10°W. Hvað er convergence?

A

4°E

53
Q

If the aircraft is west of the datum in the northern hemisphere, convergence is westerly/easterly

A

easterly

54
Q

A useful method of a pilot resolving, on a visual flight, any uncertainty in the aircraft’s position is to maintain visual contact with the ground and:

a. set heading towards a line feature such as a coastline, river, or motorway
b. fly the reverse of the heading being flown prior to becoming uncertain until a pinpoint is obtained

A

a. set heading towards a line feature such as a coastline, river, or motorway

55
Q

Are the following statements true or false?

  1. Minimum safe altitudes incorporate a safety margin over the highest terrain or obstacle.
  2. Maximum elevation figures are found on Aerad and Jeppesen charts.
A
  1. True

2. False

56
Q

If uncertain of position:

c. Climb, if weather and airspace make it safe to do so, to increase radio and navaid range
d. Fly the reverse of the heading being flown prior to becoming uncertain until a pinpoint is obtained

A

c. Climb, if weather and airspace make it safe to do so, to increase radio and navaid range

57
Q

What characteristics do we look for in the ideal fix point?

b. Large, directly on track, good vertical extent, contrast with background
d. Large, unique, good vertical extent, contrast with background

A

d. Large, unique, good vertical extent, contrast with background

58
Q

Why is ‘map-to-ground’ normally the preferred technique?

c. Best way to recover if ‘uncertain of position’
d. Allows more time to concentrate on look-out and other tasks

A

d. Allows more time to concentrate on look-out and other tasks

59
Q

Hver er munurinn á GMT og UTC?

A

Mjög svipað, UTC er aðeins nákvæmari.

60
Q

A day has different durations during the year because: inclination of the ___ to the equator.

A

ecliptic

61
Q

At what times of the year does the length of the hours of daylight change most rapidly? Spring and autumn ____.

A

equinox

62
Q

In which months is the difference between apparent noon and mean noon the greatest?

A

November and February

63
Q

Close to the equinoxes the influence of latitude on the duration of daylight is at its largest/smallest

A

smallest. It is at it’s largest during solstice, þá er influence of latitude á daylight mikið, þú sérð að þá er miðnætursólin.

64
Q

Maximum difference between mean time and apparent is __ minutes and this happens in the month of ___.

A

16, November

65
Q

Atmospheric refraction causes..

A

the sun to rise earlier and set later.

66
Q

Morning civil twilight is the period in the morning from the centre of the sun is 6° below the horizon until the __ ___ of the sun appears at the horizon

A

upper limb

67
Q

Maximum difference between mean time and apparant, is __ minutes and it happens in the month of..

A

16, November

68
Q

Which of the following differences in latitude will give the biggest difference in the initial great circle track and the mean great circle track between two points separated by 10° change of longitude?

a. 30S and 25S
b. 60N and 60S
c. 60N and 55N

A

c. 60N and 55N

69
Q

The scale on a Lambert’s conformal conic chart is constant along a ___ of latitude.

A

parallel

70
Q

The scale quoted on a Lambert’s chart is:

a. The mean scale between the Pole and the Equator
b. The scale at the Equator
c. The mean scale at the Parallel of the Secant of the Cone
d. The scale at the Standard Parallels

A

d. The scale at the Standard Parallels

71
Q

What is the main reason for using grid navigation technique?

a. At high latitudes, the amount of convergence means that the true track is changing too rapidly to follow by holding a steady heading
c. Grid technique does not depend on the value of variation

A

a. At high latitudes, the amount of convergence means that the true track is changing too rapidly to follow by holding a steady heading

72
Q

one minute of arc along a meridian is _ NM

A

1 NM

73
Q

What is the duration of civil twilight?
Select one:
a. From the moment when the tip of the sun disappears below the visual horizon until the centre reaches a depression angle of 6° from the sensible horizon Correct
c. From the moment when the tip of the sun disappears below the sensible horizon until the centre reaches a depression angle of 6° from the sensible horizon

A

a. From the moment when the tip of the sun disappears below the visual horizon until the centre reaches a depression angle of 6° from the sensible horizon Correct

74
Q

When operating in grid using a pure gyro as the heading datum:
a. Real drift remains a significant problem, even with modern gyros
Transport Wander is eliminated, or greatly reduced

A

d. Transport Wander is eliminated, or greatly reduced

75
Q

The orbit of the Earth round the Sun is elliptical. An ellipse has 2 foci. Which of the following is a correct statement?

a. The Earth is positioned at one of the foci
b. The Sun is positioned at the mid-point of the 2 foci
d. The Sun is positioned at one of the foci

A

d. The Sun is positioned at one of the foci

76
Q

What is another term for the Great Circle of Tangency of an Oblique Mercator?

a. ‘False Parallel’
b. ‘False Equator’

A

b. ‘False Equator’

77
Q

A Transverse Mercator is used to map:

c. an area with large N/S extent but small E/W extent
d. an area with a large E/W extent but small N/S extent

A

c. an area with large N/S extent but small E/W extent

78
Q

On a Transverse Mercator chart, scale is exactly correct along the:

a. datum meridian and meridian perpendicular to it
b. meridian of tangency
c. prime meridian and the equator

A

b. meridian of tangency

79
Q

Convergency on a Transverse Mercator chart is correct at:

a. the Equator and the Poles
b. the datum meridian and the Equator
c. the Parallel of Origin

A

a. the Equator and the Poles

80
Q

On a Transverse Mercator projection, a parallel of latitude other than the equator is:

a. a straight line Incorrect
b. an ellipse

A

b. an ellipse

GNAV (7 decks)

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