Programming

Question 1

What is a computer?

Answer 1

It is a programmable machine designed to follow/process data/instructions at an enormous speed

Question 2

What is a computer program also known as?

Answer 2

Software

Question 3

What is a computer program?

Answer 3

It is a list of instructions, stored in the computer memory to direct the computer system to perform a task

Question 4

What is Hardware?

Answer 4

Refers to the computer equipment

Question 5

List examples of Hardware?

Answer 5

-Keyboard
-mouse
-Terminal
-Hard disk
-Printer

Question 6

What are two types of Software?

Answer 6

-Operating system
-Application software

Question 7

What is an Operating system?

Answer 7

a software that provides a convenient and efficient interface between the user and the hardware

Question 8

What are some examples of Operating Systems?

Answer 8

-Windows
-Mac OS

Question 9

What is an Application Software?

Answer 9

The software the makes the computer useful to the user (extras)

Question 10

What are examples of Application Softwares?

Answer 10

-Computer games
-Spreadsheets
-Word processors
-Tax Software

Question 11

What is a Computer System?

Answer 11

-The combination of hardware and software

Question 12

What does IPO mean? Why is it important?

Answer 12

INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT
-These parts make up the computer hardware

Question 13

Why is input important?

Answer 13

-It inputs information into the CPU via the memory of the computer

Question 14

What does CPU mean?

Answer 14

-Central Processing Unit

Question 15

What are examples of input devices?

Answer 15

-Keyboard (standard input)
-Mouse
-Scanner
-Microphone

Question 16

What is the purpose of output devices?

Answer 16

-used to make the computer-processed data/information available at the output

Question 17

What are examples of Output Devices?

Answer 17

-Computer Monitor (standard output)
-Printer
-Plotter

Question 18

List some Secondary Storage Devices. Are these input or output devices?

Answer 18

-Disk drives
-SSD
-Optical Drives
-USB drives
These are considered both

Question 19

What is the definition of SSD?

Answer 19

Solid State Drives

Question 20

What does the Internal Memory do?

Answer 20

-Holds both the program instructions and data

Question 21

What is the Internal Memory also known as?

Answer 21

primary storage

Question 22

What is the internal memory composed of?

Answer 22

-Random Access Memory (RAM)
-Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Question 23

What is the Random Access Memory?

Answer 23

-It is the main memory
-It is volatile and requires constant power to maintain the stored information
-Memory is erased when computer is off
-Stores data and associated information for any application

Question 24

What is the Read-Only Memory?

Answer 24

-It is non volatile
-Data items are retained even after the computer is turned off
-Stores start up instructions and the likes for a computer system

Question 25

What happens when data is inputted through an input device?

Answer 25

It directly goes to the main memory which is the random access memory

Question 26

What are external memory good for?

Answer 26

For long term storage of information

Question 27

What are external memory also known as?

Answer 27

Secondary Storage

Question 28

List examples of external memory

Answer 28

-Hard Disk/SS (solid state) storage
-Flash/pen memory
-CD

Question 29

What is the CPU composed of?

Answer 29

-Control Unit (CU)
-Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

Question 30

What does the control unit do?

Answer 30

Controls the computer resources such as input/output devices, internal/external memory, ALU by using control signals based on the decoded instructions

Question 31

What is the control unit also known as?

Answer 31

The processor

Question 32

What does the arithmetic and logic unit do?

Answer 32

Performs mathematical operations

Question 33

What is the first operation that the CPU performs?

Answer 33

Fetch/get
-from the main memory (RAM) the CPU’s control unit (CU) fetches the next encoded instruction in the sequence of program instructions

Question 34

What is the second operation that the CPU performs?

Answer 34

Decode
-The CPU decodes the instruction and generates an electronic signal

Question 35

What is the final operation that the CPU performs?

Answer 35

Execute
-The electronic signal is routed to the appropriate component of the computer such as the ALU, a disk drive or some other device
-The signal causes the component to perform an operation

Question 36

What does the RAM typically contain?

Answer 36

-currently running program instructions
-Data used by those programs

Question 37

How is RAM divided?

Answer 37

divided into numbered locations each of which contains one byte of data/information

Question 38

What is a memory location number of the RAM called?

Answer 38

Address

Question 39

What is something that a memory location number cannot do?

Answer 39

-No two memory locations can have the same address

Question 40

What is a byte?

Answer 40

a sequence of 8 bits

Question 41

what does bit stand for?

Answer 41

binary digit
-These can either have 1 (TRUE, ON) or 0 (FALSE, OFF) value

Question 42

How do bits work in a computer (a digital device)?

Answer 42

The bits form a pattern that represents a character or number

Question 43

How is Data Stored in the Memory?

Answer 43

Computers use zeros and ones because digital devices have two stable states, which are referred to as zero and one by convention

Question 44

What does a computer do if it needs to store a large number?

Answer 44

-if the number cannot fit into a single byte, it uses more than one adjacent bytes

Question 45

How long is each memory location in a computer?

Answer 45

1 byte long or a sequence of 8 bits