Programming Flashcards

1
Q

What is a computer?

A

It is a programmable machine designed to follow/process data/instructions at an enormous speed

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2
Q

What is a computer program also known as?

A

Software

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3
Q

What is a computer program?

A

It is a list of instructions, stored in the computer memory to direct the computer system to perform a task

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4
Q

What is Hardware?

A

Refers to the computer equipment

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5
Q

List examples of Hardware?

A

-Keyboard
-mouse
-Terminal
-Hard disk
-Printer

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6
Q

What are two types of Software?

A

-Operating system
-Application software

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7
Q

What is an Operating system?

A

a software that provides a convenient and efficient interface between the user and the hardware

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8
Q

What are some examples of Operating Systems?

A

-Windows
-Mac OS

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9
Q

What is an Application Software?

A

The software the makes the computer useful to the user (extras)

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10
Q

What are examples of Application Softwares?

A

-Computer games
-Spreadsheets
-Word processors
-Tax Software

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11
Q

What is a Computer System?

A

-The combination of hardware and software

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12
Q

What does IPO mean? Why is it important?

A

INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT
-These parts make up the computer hardware

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13
Q

Why is input important?

A

-It inputs information into the CPU via the memory of the computer

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14
Q

What does CPU mean?

A

-Central Processing Unit

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15
Q

What are examples of input devices?

A

-Keyboard (standard input)
-Mouse
-Scanner
-Microphone

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16
Q

What is the purpose of output devices?

A

-used to make the computer-processed data/information available at the output

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17
Q

What are examples of Output Devices?

A

-Computer Monitor (standard output)
-Printer
-Plotter

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18
Q

List some Secondary Storage Devices. Are these input or output devices?

A

-Disk drives
-SSD
-Optical Drives
-USB drives
These are considered both

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19
Q

What is the definition of SSD?

A

Solid State Drives

20
Q

What does the Internal Memory do?

A

-Holds both the program instructions and data

21
Q

What is the Internal Memory also known as?

A

primary storage

22
Q

What is the internal memory composed of?

A

-Random Access Memory (RAM)
-Read-Only Memory (ROM)

23
Q

What is the Random Access Memory?

A

-It is the main memory
-It is volatile and requires constant power to maintain the stored information
-Memory is erased when computer is off
-Stores data and associated information for any application

24
Q

What is the Read-Only Memory?

A

-It is non volatile
-Data items are retained even after the computer is turned off
-Stores start up instructions and the likes for a computer system

25
What happens when data is inputted through an input device?
It directly goes to the main memory which is the random access memory
26
What are external memory good for?
For long term storage of information
27
What are external memory also known as?
Secondary Storage
28
List examples of external memory
-Hard Disk/SS (solid state) storage -Flash/pen memory -CD
29
What is the CPU composed of?
-Control Unit (CU) -Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
30
What does the control unit do?
Controls the computer resources such as input/output devices, internal/external memory, ALU by using control signals based on the decoded instructions
31
What is the control unit also known as?
The processor
32
What does the arithmetic and logic unit do?
Performs mathematical operations
33
What is the first operation that the CPU performs?
Fetch/get -from the main memory (RAM) the CPU's control unit (CU) fetches the next encoded instruction in the sequence of program instructions
34
What is the second operation that the CPU performs?
Decode -The CPU decodes the instruction and generates an electronic signal
35
What is the final operation that the CPU performs?
Execute -The electronic signal is routed to the appropriate component of the computer such as the ALU, a disk drive or some other device -The signal causes the component to perform an operation
36
What does the RAM typically contain?
-currently running program instructions -Data used by those programs
37
How is RAM divided?
divided into numbered locations each of which contains one byte of data/information
38
What is a memory location number of the RAM called?
Address
39
What is something that a memory location number cannot do?
-No two memory locations can have the same address
40
What is a byte?
a sequence of 8 bits
41
what does bit stand for?
binary digit -These can either have 1 (TRUE, ON) or 0 (FALSE, OFF) value
42
How do bits work in a computer (a digital device)?
The bits form a pattern that represents a character or number
43
How is Data Stored in the Memory?
Computers use zeros and ones because digital devices have two stable states, which are referred to as zero and one by convention
44
What does a computer do if it needs to store a large number?
-if the number cannot fit into a single byte, it uses more than one adjacent bytes
45
How long is each memory location in a computer?
1 byte long or a sequence of 8 bits