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First Year Eng > Mats Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Mats Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Elasticity?

A

The ability for a material to return to its original shape after a force removal

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2
Q

What is Stiffness?

A

Resistance to Deformation

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3
Q

What is Yield Strength?

A

The point at which permanent (plastic) deformation starts

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4
Q

What is Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)?

A

The maximum amount of stress a material can handle before breaking

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5
Q

What is stress?

A

Force per area

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6
Q

What is Ductility?

A

Ability to undergo deformation before breaking

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7
Q

What is Hardness?

A

Resistance to wear

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8
Q

What is Thermal Expansion Coefficient?

A

How much a material expands when it is heated or cooled

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9
Q

What is Thermal (heat) Conductivity?

A

How well a material conducts heat

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10
Q

What is Specific Heat?

A

Amount of energy required to increase temperature

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11
Q

How is material classified?

A

Based on atomic/molecular structure

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12
Q

What are the main families in the material kingdom?

A

-Metals
-Polymers
-Elastomers
-Ceramics
-Glasses
-Hybrids (composites)

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13
Q

What is the first property of Metals?

A

Metallic solids are made up of atoms that share a “cloud” of valence electrons (metallic bonding)

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14
Q

What is the second property of Metals?

A

They have very good thermal and electrical conductivity because of metallic bonding

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15
Q

What is the third property of Metals?

A

High elastic stiffness

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16
Q

What is the fourth property of Metals?

A

Pure metals are soft and bendable (ductile)

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17
Q

What is the fifth property of Metals?

A

Metals can be strengthen

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18
Q

What are the ways metals can be strengthened?

A

-Alloying (mixing atoms of different elements)
-Strain Hardening (cold working)
-Heat Treating

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19
Q

What is the sixth property of Metals?

A

Usually have high fracture toughness

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20
Q

What is the seventh property of Metals?

A

Almost all metals are crystalline

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21
Q

What is the eighth property of Metals?

A

Metals can be shaped, joined and surface treated in many different ways

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22
Q

What are most elements in the periodic table?

A

Metals

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23
Q

What are metals usually found as?

A

Usually found in the form of metal oxides. Pure metals are seldom found in nature

24
Q

How is metal extracted from its oxide?

A

-Coke is added and then it undergoes a process of melting or electrolysis

25
Q

What are Polymers composed of?

A

-Are organic solids made up of long molecules containing a chain of carbon atoms
-These carbon atoms are connected by covalent bond C-C bonds
-The long molecules are usually joined to each other by weak hydrogen bonds or even weaker Van Der Waal bonding

26
Q

What is the first property of Polymers?

A

-They are poor conductors of heat and electricity compared to metals

27
Q

What is the second property of Polymers?

A

-Very lightweight (low density)

28
Q

What is the third property of Polymers?

A

-Very low stiffness (approx 50x less than metals)

29
Q

What is the fourth property of Polymers?

A

Not very strong but they have a very high strength to weight ratio

30
Q

What is the fifth property of Polymers?

A

Very low melting temperatures (low service temperature)

31
Q

What is the sixth property of Polymers?

A

Very easy to fabricate polymers into complex shapes
-They can be joined, shaped and surface treated for a very low cost

32
Q

What is the first and second property of Elastomers?

A

-They are polymers but a very small number of the long molecules are joined together (cross linked) by covalent bonds
-As a result, they have the ability to undergo very large elastic deformation without breaking or deforming

33
Q

What is the third property of Elastomers?

A

-Have very low stiffness (500x to 5000x lower than metals)

34
Q

What is the first property of Ceramics?

A

they are non-metallic inorganic solids

35
Q

What is the second property of Ceramics?

A

They are usually compounds made up of two or more elements

36
Q

What is the third property of Ceramics?

A

They are held together by covalent or ionic bonds

37
Q

What is the fourth property of Ceramics?

A

They have very low thermal and electrical conductivity

38
Q

What is the fifth property of ceramics?

A

They have very high stiffness

39
Q

What is the sixth property of Ceramics?

A

They have high strength

40
Q

What is the seventh property of ceramics?

A

They are very brittle

41
Q

What is the eighth property of Ceramics?

A

They are crystalline

42
Q

What is the ninth property of ceramics?

A

Ceramics usually have high melting temperatures (therefore have high strength at elevated temperatures)

43
Q

What is the tenth property of Ceramics?

A

It is difficult to make, shape, join or surface treat ceramic parts because of their brittleness and their very high melting temperatures

44
Q

What is the eleventh property of Ceramics?

A

ceramic parts are very expensive

45
Q

What do Ceramics usually constitute?

A

Ceramics are compounds usually consisting of at least 1 non metal constitute

46
Q

What is the first and second property of Glasses?

A

-Mostly are non crystalline inorganic solids
-They are usually transparent

47
Q

What is the third and fourth property of glasses?

A

-Glasses are held together by covalent or ionic bonds (same as ceramics)
-As a result, have very low thermal and electrical conductivity

48
Q

What is the fifth property of Glasses?

A

They have lower strength, stiffness, and melting temperature than ceramics because of their lack of uniform atomic spacing

49
Q

What is the sixth property of glasses?

A

-They are usually very brittle

50
Q

What is the seventh and eighth property of glasses?

A

-It is easier to make parts from glasses than from ceramics because they melt at a lower temperature
-As a result, glass parts are less expensive than ceramic parts

51
Q

What is hybrid material usually composed of? List them

A

Combination of two or more materials
-Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymers (GFRP, fibreglass)
-Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRP)

52
Q

What group is the most commonly found material in nature?

A

Hybrid

53
Q

What is wood composed of?

A

It is a hybrid of cellulose and lignin

54
Q

What is bone composed of?

A

It is a hybrid of collagen (polymer(organic molecule)) and hydroxyapatite (glass)

55
Q

Are hybrids expensive or inexpensive to make? List an example of an expensive composite and inexpensive composite

A

Usually are expensive
-Carbon-fibre composites are expensive
-Concrete and Plywood is inexpensive

56
Q

What is the general taxonomy of the Kingdom of Materials/Processes

A

-Universe
-Family
-Class
-Sub-class
-Member

57
Q

List the families for processes

A

-Joining
-Shaping
-Finishing

First Year Eng (23 decks)

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