Mats Intro Flashcards
Definitions and Properties
What four groups do physical properties fall into?
Mechanical
Thermal
Electrical, magnetic, and optical
Chemical
List the main mechanical properties to consider
-Elastic
-Elastic Stiffness
-Permanently bent yield strength
-Fracture Toughness
-Density
Define Elastic
When a material spring back to its original shape when force is released
Define elastic stiffness
Resistance to bending
Define yield strength
The maximum strength a material will tolerate before it permanently deforms
Define fracture toughness
How easily a material can break
Define density
How much matter is packed into a certain space
Define hardness
Resistance to wearing
List the main thermal properties to consider
-Service temperature
-Expansion coefficient
-Conductivity
Define Service Temperature
Max or min operating temperature range that a material can be safely operated at or exposed to without compromising its functionality or integrity
Define expansion coefficient
How material behave when heat is applied
Define conductivity
How a material transports heat
What are the main chemical properties to consider
-Fresh water
-Salt water
-acids and alkalis
-Organic solvents
-Oxidation
-UV radiation
What are the main electromagnetic properties to consider?
-Resistivity
-Dielectric response
-Magnetic behaviour
-Refraction and absorption
Define resistivity
How much a material resists to a electrostatic field
Define dielectric
A material that is a poor conductor of electricity but is an efficient supporter of electrostatic fields.
What is embodied energy?
Its the energy required to produce 1 kg of the material, including that used to mine and refine feedstocks, and that required to refine or synthesise these into usable material stock.
What is carbon footprint?
The amount of carbon released due to the production of 1 kg of the material
What is water demand?
The volume of water that is drawn from usable sources and not returned to them during the production of 1 kg of material
What are the three levels of structure?
-Macrostructure
-Microstructure
-Atomic structure
What are different classes of materials?
-Polymers
-Ceramics & glasses
-Metals
-Semiconductor
-Composites
What are some characteristics of polymers?
-Flexible
-lightweight
-Easily processed
What are some characteristics of ceramics?
-High hardness
-High strength
-High melting points
-Brittle
What are some characteristics of metals?
-Excellent conductors of heat and electricity
-Ductile (stretch, bend and deform them)
-Strong
What are some characteristics of semiconductors?
-Have a bandgap separating valence and conduction bands
-Are polymers along with metals
What are some characteristics of composites?
-A mixture of 2 different material classes
