PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Discussion (November 25, 2024) Flashcards
1
Q
- Which theory places the most emphasis on social interaction in the development of language?
a. Cognitivist
b. Interactionist
c. Constructivist
d. Behaviorist
A
b. Interactionist
2
Q
- The component of language that involves the rules of structure and speech sounds is called ____.
a. Phonology
b. Syntax
c. Semantics
d. Morphology
A
a. Phonology
3
Q
- Who proposed that children are born with a language acquisition device?
a. Bandura
b. Vygotsky
c. Piaget
d. Chomsky
A
d. Chomsky
4
Q
- Adolescents gain ____ skills as the prefrontal cortex of their brain develops.
a. Motor and problem-solving
b. Reasoning and problem-solving
c. Exploratory and problem-solving
d. Motor and exploratory
A
b. Reasoning and problem-solving
5
Q
- Why is physical development important for babies and toddlers?
a. It is necessary for muscular growth and development
b. It leads to improved motor skills, which allows them to explore the environment
c. It is essential for their emotional development
d. It includes visual development, which allows them to learn to read
A
b. It leads to improved motor skills, which allows them to explore the environment
6
Q
- Development is the process of ____ and ____ that humans go through over their lifetime.
a. Reasoning; growth
b. Growth; life
c. Reasoning; change
d. Growth; change
A
d. Growth; change
7
Q
- The process of change that all humans experience is called;
a. Growth
b. Maturation
c. Learning
d. Development
A
d. Development
8
Q
- Which of the following statement about growth is FALSE?
a. Growth impacts the mind
b. The body becomes physically larger as a result of growth
c. Growth can be measured
d. Genetics are a main factor of growth
A
a. Growth impacts the mind
9
Q
- As a young adult, Cara begins a career, learns new skills in the workplace and forms a healthy relationship. She is showing signs of:
a. Development
b. Maturation
c. Learning
d. Growth
A
b. Maturation
10
Q
- At which stage of life do people generally start to show self-conscious tendencies?
a. Infancy
b. Adulthood
c. Childhood
d. Adolescence
A
c. Childhood
11
Q
- ___ refers to the way the environment acts upon a person.
a. Nurture
b. Genetics
c. Plasticity
d. Nature
A
a. Nurture
12
Q
- Which of the following refers to the way environment or behavior can affect a person’s brain?
a. Plasticity
b. Mind mapping
c. Critical thinking
d. Nature
A
a. Plasticity
13
Q
- Learning how to do multiplication is an example of ____.
a. Cognitive development
b. Social development
c. Development psychology
d. Emotional development
A
a. Cognitive development
14
Q
- A conditioned response to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, but not exactly the same, is called _____.
a. Neutral stimulus
b. Stimulus generalization
c. Unconditioned stimulus
d. Spontaneous recovery
A
b. Stimulus generalization
15
Q
- Your son doesn’t like to clean his room. Every time you remind him to put away his things and make his bed, he complains until he gives in and tidies the room to stop you from whining. This is an example of ____ for your son.
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Negative punishment
d. Positive punishment
A
b. Negative reinforcement
16
Q
- Stella is a recovering addict and knows that she can’t spend time with certain people or go certain places anymore because the make her want to use again. What self-regulation tactic is Stela using?
a. Environmental structuring
b. Self-consequating
c. Standard setting
d. Self-evaluating
A
a. Environmental structuring
17
Q
- Steven works in the sales department of his farm. He and his friend Dan always have a little friendly competition between them to keep them motivated. This month, they both are representing a new product and Steven really wants to out-sell Dan. To do this, he has set a specific goal of how many products he wants to sell and a plan of how many people he has to talk to per hour in order to achieve it. What tactic of self-regulation is Steven using?
a. Standard setting
b. Product placement
c. Environmental structuring
d. Self-consequating
A
a. Standard setting
18
Q
- Mario is really good at playing chess. When he learns how to read braille, his knowledge of chess neither helps nor hurts his ability to read braille. Which type of Transfer of Information has occurred?
a. Negative transfer
b. Positive transfer
c. Zero transfer
d. Low-road transfer
A
c. Zero transfer
19
Q
- George learns Spanish, then he starts to learn French. He realizes that many words sound similar between the two languages, so knowing Spanish helps him to learn French. Which type of transfer of information has occurred?
a. Negative transfer
b. High-road transfer
c. Positive transfer
d. Zero transfer
A
c. Positive transfer
20
Q
- The following are all examples of metacognitive strategies except
a. Predicting outcomes
b. Taking dictation while the teacher speaks
c. Evaluating work
d. Critiquing
A
b. Taking dictation while the teacher speaks
21
Q
- All of the following could be considered teaching metacognitive strategies except:
a. Having students write down the steps to solving a math problem
b. Assigning a daily journal for students to reflect about the day’s learning
c. Giving students a certain number of points for their performance in class that day
d. Asking students to edit each other’s papers and then revise their own before turning them in
A
c. Giving students a certain number of points for their performance in class that day
22
Q
- Most accurately, metacognition can be defined as
a. Getting good feedback from your peers
b. The study of psychology
c. Thinking about thinking
A
c. Thinking about thinking
23
Q
- Which of the following best describes how we develop knowledge, from the perspective of a constructivist?
a. We are primarily sponges that absorb what we are told by authority figures
b. We are born with most of our knowledge
c. We develop knowledge by engaging with others and continually learning as we go
d. Knowledge can only be gained by going to school
A
c. We develop knowledge by engaging with others and continually learning as we go
24
Q
- The difference between the tasks that an individual can accomplish alone and the tasks that they can accomplish only with the assistance of a more advanced other represents the learner’s _____.
a. Learning opportunity
b. Actual development level
c. Point of disequilibrium
d. Zone of proximal development
A
d. Zone of proximal development
25
Q
- Tony is an MMA fighter and is trying to drop weight for his fight next week. He knows that he has 10 lbs. left to lose. To stay motivated, he’s promised himself that if he makes weight and wins his fight, he will treat himself to a huge burger with fries and ice cream for dessert afterwards. What self-regulation tactic is Tony using?
a. Environmental structuring
b. Self-evaluating
c. Standard setting
d. Self-consequating
A
d. Self-consequating
26
Q
- Self-efficacy is:
a. The ability to recover from your mental health issues
b. The belief that you will be able to accomplish a specific task
c. The confidence that you are right
d. The belief that you can accomplish anything
A
b. The belief that you will be able to accomplish a specific task
27
Q
- Vygotsky’s theory emphasizes the importance of a more advanced individual who serves a guide to provide ____ for the learner.
a. Development
b. Equilibrium
c. Motivation
d. Scaffolding
A
d. Scaffolding
28
Q
- Which of the following examples represents a function of a school?
a. Teaching students how to interact with others
b. Transmitting cultural norms and values
c. Transmitting knowledge and academic skills
d. All of these are true
A
d. All of these are true
29
Q
- How do you define epigenesis?
a. The process through which behavior and environment bring forth development
b. The process through which genetics and environment bring forth development
c. The process through which genetics and behavior bring forth development
d. The process through which genetics and neural activity bring forth development
A
b. The process through which genetics and environment bring forth development
30
Q
- Why is physical development important for babies and toddlers?
a. It is essential for their emotional development
b. It is necessary for muscular growth and development
c. It leads to improved motor skills, which allows them to explore the environment
d. It includes visual development, which allows them to learn to read
A
c. It leads to improved motor skills, which allows them to explore the environment
31
Q
- Development is the process of ____ and ____ that humans go through over their lifetime.
a. Reasoning; growth
b. Growth; life
c. Reasoning; change
d. Growth; change
A
d. Growth; change
32
Q
- As a young adult, Cara begins a career, learns new skills in the workplace and forms a healthy relationship. She is showing signs of:
a. Development
b. Maturation
c. Learning
d. Growth
A
Maturation
33
Q
- The idea that people develop at all points during their lives is called:
a. Multidirectionality
b. Contextuality
c. Multidimensionality
d. Lifelong development
A
d. Lifelong development
34
Q
- The fact that people develop emotionally, physically, and intellectually is called:
a. Multidimensionality
b. Plasticity
c. Contextuality
d. Lifelong development
A
a. Multidimensionality
35
Q
- Individuals commonly finds mates while attending a college or university. This is an example of ____
a. A hidden curriculum in the school
b. A manifest function of school
c. A school function of school
d. A latent function of school
A
d. A latent function of school
36
Q
- What was the self-esteem movement?
a. A period that resulted in children being raised with good self-esteem
b. A time when children were rewarded for trying and given great amounts of false praise
c. A time when everyone had very high self-esteem
d. A period in the 1980s when everyone was doing a new dance called “the self-esteem”
A
b. A time when children were rewarded for trying and given great amounts of false praise
37
Q
- If a child is struggling at task, how might his/her teacher aid the child?
a. Give the child more one-on-one time
b. Encourage the child’s parents to work with them at home
c. Provide positive reinforcement
d. All answers are correct
A
d. All answers are correct
38
Q
- What is the definition of self-esteem?
a. One’s confidence in their abilities and willingness to face and overcome obstacles
b. The ability to complete a task
c. Being given a trophy for participating
d. Thinking that you are great everything you do
A
a. One’s confidence in their abilities and willingness to face and overcome obstacles
39
Q
- All of these are likely characteristics of someone who is primarily a visual or spatial learner EXCEPT:
a. They have a good sense of direction
b. They prefer pictures or graphs
c. They like the use of color to organize information
d. They like reasoning and recognizing patterns
A
d. They like reasoning and recognizing patterns
40
Q
- Owen is a very curious child. He likes to take apart his toys and then try to put them back together. He likes to play with this building blocks without looking at the building instructions that came with them. Which learning style is he exhibiting?
a. Verbal learner
b. Logical learner
c. Physical learner
d. Solitary learner
A
Physical learner
41
Q
- Girls are more likely to show a greater interest in attending college. This gender difference is reflected in which grade level?
a. Kindergarten-2nd
b. 3rd grade-5th grade
c. 6th grade-8th grade
d. 9th grade-12th grade
A
d. 9th grade-12th grade
42
Q
- Imagine you are bicycling in a race. Which of the following is the BEST example of an extrinsic motivation for this activity?
a. Biking to enjoy the fresh air
b. Crowds cheering when you get a trophy
c. To increase your health through exercise
d. Raising money for a charity you believe in
A
b. Crowds cheering when you get a trophy
43
Q
- Which of the following needs creates the strongest drive to act immediately?
a. The need to make friends
b. The need for respect
c. The need to eat
d. The need of job security
A
c. The need to eat
44
Q
- What are the three steps Sellgman found necessary to build self-esteem?
a. Challenge, fail, try again
b. Success, get a trophy, bask in glory
c. Challenge, overcome, and mastery
d. Try, fall, give up
A
c. Challenge, overcome, and mastery
45
Q
- What is the prevalence rate for ASD?
a. One in a million, with an equal likelihood of boys being diagnosed as girls
b. One in 68, with more girls than boys diagnosed
c. One in 68, with boys and girls having an equal likelihood of being diagnosed
d. One in 68, with more boys than girls diagnosed
A
d. One in 68, with more boys than girls diagnosed
46
Q
- Which of the following is NOT of the disabilities classified as an autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
a. Rect syndrome
b. Cerebral palsy
c. Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD-NOS)
d. Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD)
A
b. Cerebral palsy
47
Q
- This law entitles disabled students to a free and adequate education depending on their unique needs
a. DEIA
b. IDEA
c. IAED
d. ADIA
A
b. IDEA
48
Q
- This common disorder can make it very difficult for student to stay focused in class:
a. Eating disorders
b. Autism
c. ADHD
d. Conduct disorder
A
c. ADHD
49
Q
- Ideally, students’ disabilities are identified at which level of schooling
a. Elementary or lower
b. High School
c. Middle school
d. Postsecondary
A
a. Elementary or lower
